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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calculation of double differential cross sections for the interaction of electrons with a water molecule, clusters of water molecules, and liquid water (1989)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 1569-1578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In this paper double differential cross sections are calculated for the interaction of electrons with a water molecule, a cluster of water molecules, and thereby in a certain approximation for liquid water. It is intended to use the data generated, in a Monte Carlo track structure code, so that the data needs to be comprehensive and accurate especially where the cross sections are largest. The method employed uses only the electron density which is calculated by means of LCAO methods using extended basis sets of atomic wave functions to approximate the total wave function. The response of the system is then calculated via an integral formulation of the density functional theory based on a path integral representation of the one particle Green's function. This leads in the first approximation to the local density approximation in a modified form which can now be derived rigorously. The DDCS's can be expressed in terms of the linear response of the molecular system to a moving charge.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.457115
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attenuation effects on the kerma rates in air after cesium depositions on grasslands (1994)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 33 (1994), S. 251-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Since the reactor accident of Chernobyl, cesium depth profiles and nuclide-specific kerma rates in air have been determined for various grassland sites in south Bavaria and in Ukraine. The sites are described by soil characteristics, annual precipitation, distance from release point, mode of deposition, and activity per unit area. The effects of surface roughness and migration of cesium into the soil on the kerma rate in air over grasslands was determined by two methods. The kerma rates in air obtained by the evaluations of in situ gamma-ray spectrometry results and of measured activity distributions in the soil showed only negligible differences for the observation period of 6 years after deposition. For the sites in Ukraine the kerma rate in air per activity per unit area was found to be systematically 40% higher than in Bavaria. The results from Bavaria on the attenuation of the kerma rate and a data set, including experiences from the weapons test fallout, are analytically approximated as a function of time up to 25 years after deposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212681
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation of DNA fragment distributions after irradiation with photons (1999)
    Springer
    Radiation and environmental biophysics 38 (1999), S. 39-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2099
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Monte Carlo track structure code PARTRAC has been further improved by implementing electron scattering cross-sections for liquid water and by explicitly modelling the interaction of water radicals with DNA. The model of the genome inside a human cell nucleus in its interphase is based on the atomic coordinates of the DNA double helix with an additional volume for the water shell. The DNA helix is wound around histone complexes, and these nucleosomes are folded into chromatin fibres and further to fibre loops, which are interconnected to build chromosomes with a territorial organisation. Simulations have been performed for the irradiation of human fibroblast cells with carbon K and aluminium K ultrasoft x-rays, 220 kVp x-rays and 60Co γ-rays. The ratio single-strand breaks to double-strand breaks (ssb/dsb) for both types of ultrasoft x-rays is lower than for γ-rays by a factor of 2. The contributions of direct and indirect effects to strand break induction are almost independent of photon energy. Strand break patterns from indirect effects reflect differences in the susceptibility of the DNA helix to OH• attack inside the chromatin fibre. Distributions of small DNA fragments (〈3 kbp) are determined by the chromatin fibre structure irrespective of whether direct or indirect effects are causing the breaks. In the calculated fragment size distributions for larger DNA fragments (〉30 kbp), a substantial deviation from random breakage is found only for carbon K irradiation, and is attributed to its inhomogeneous dose distribution inside the cell nucleus. For the other radiation qualities, the results for larger fragments can be approximated by random breakage distributions calculated for a yield of dsb which is about 10% lower than the average for the whole genome. The excess of DNA fragments detected experimentally in the 8–300 kbp region after x-ray irradiation is not seen in our simulation results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004110050136
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