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  • 11
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    What Can We Learn from a Simple Physics-Based Earthquake Simulator? (2018)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0033-4553
    Electronic ISSN: 1420-9136
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 12
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    X- and C-Band SAR Surface Displacement for the 2013 Lunigiana Earthquake (Northern Italy): A Breached Relay Ramp? (2014)
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-07-01
    Print ISSN: 1939-1404
    Electronic ISSN: 2151-1535
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 13
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    Fast evaluation of tsunami scenarios: uncertainty assessment for a Mediterranean Sea database (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-08
    Description: We present a database of pre-calculated tsunami waveforms for the entire Mediterranean Sea, obtained by numerical propagation of uniformly spaced Gaussian-shaped elementary sources for the sea level elevation. Based on any initial sea surface displacement, the database allows the fast calculation of full waveforms at the 50 m isobath offshore of coastal sites of interest by linear superposition. A computationally inexpensive procedure is set to estimate the coefficients for the linear superposition based on the potential energy of the initial elevation field. The elementary sources size and spacing is fine enough to satisfactorily reproduce the effects of M〉 = 6.0 earthquakes. Tsunami propagation is modelled by using the Tsunami-HySEA code, a GPU finite volume solver for the non-linear shallow water equations. Like other existing methods based on the initial sea level elevation, the database is independent on the faulting geometry and mechanism, which makes it applicable in any tectonic environment. We model a large set of synthetic tsunami test scenarios, selected to explore the uncertainty introduced when approximating tsunami waveforms and their maxima by fast and simplified linear combination. This is the first time to our knowledge that the uncertainty associated to such a procedure is systematically analysed and that relatively small earthquakes are considered, which may be relevant in the near-field of the source in a complex tectonic setting. We find that non-linearity of tsunami evolution affects the reconstruction of the waveforms and of their maxima by introducing an almost unbiased (centred at zero) error distribution of relatively modest extent. The uncertainty introduced by our approximation can be in principle propagated to forecast results. The resulting product then is suitable for different applications such as probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis, tsunami source inversions and tsunami warning systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2593–2602
    Description: 5T. Modelli di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 14
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    SELEN^4 (SELEN version 4.0): a Fortran program for solving the gravitationally and topographically self-consistent sea-level equation in glacial isostatic adjustment modeling (2021)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: We present SELEN4 (SealEveL EquatioN solver), an open-source program written in Fortran 90 that simulates the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) process in response to the melting of the Late Pleistocene ice sheets. Using a pseudo-spectral approach complemented by a spatial discretization on an icosahedron-based spherical geodesic grid, SELEN4 solves a generalized sea-level equation (SLE) for a spherically symmetric Earth with linear viscoelastic rheology, taking the migration of the shorelines and the rotational feedback on sea level into account. The approach is gravitationally and topographically self-consistent, since it considers the gravitational interactions between the solid Earth, the cryosphere, and the oceans, and it accounts for the evolution of the Earth's topography in response to changes in sea level. The SELEN4 program can be employed to study a broad range of geophysical effects of GIA, including past relative sea-level variations induced by the melting of the Late Pleistocene ice sheets, the time evolution of paleogeography and of the ocean function since the Last Glacial Maximum, the history of the Earth's rotational variations, present-day geodetic signals observed by Global Navigation Satellite Systems, and gravity field variations detected by satellite gravity missions like GRACE (the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment). The “GIA fingerprints” constitute a standard output of SELEN4. Along with the source code, we provide a supplementary document with a full account of the theory, some numerical results obtained from a standard run, and a user guide. Originally, the SELEN program was conceived by Giorgio Spada (GS) in 2005 as a tool for students eager to learn about GIA, and it has been the first SLE solver made available to the community.
    Description: Published
    Description: 5055–5075
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 15
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    Impact of global seismicity on sea level change assessment (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-23
    Description: 34 pages, submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research
    Description: We analyze the effect of seismic activity on sealevel variations, by computing the time-dependent vertical crustal movement and geoid change due to coseismic deformations and postseismic relaxation effects. Seismic activity can affect both the absolute sealevel, by changing the Earth gravity field and hence the geoid height, and the relative sealevel, i.e. the radial distance between seafloor and geoid level. By using comprehensive seismic catalogues we assess the net effect of seismicity on tidal relative sealevel measurements as well as on the global oceanic surfaces, and we obtain an estimate of absolute sealevel variations of seismic origin. Our results confirm that, on a global scale, most of the signal is associated with few giant thrust events, and that RSL estimates obtained using tide-gauge data can be sensibly affected by the seismic driven sealevel signal. The recent measures of sealevel obtained by satellite altimetry show a wide regional variation of sealevel trends over the oceanic surfaces, with the largest deviations from the mean trend occurring in tectonically active regions. While our estimates of average absolute sealevel variations turn out to be orders of magnitude smaller than the satellite measured variations, we can still argue that mass redistribution associated with aseismic tectonic processes may contribute to the observed regional variability of sealevel variations.
    Description: Published
    Description: B03406
    Description: 1T. Struttura della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Physics - Geophysics; Physics - Geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Holocene sea-level change on the central coast of Bohai Bay, China (2021)
    EGU - Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: To constrain models on global sea-level change regional proxy data on coastal change are indispensable. Here, we reconstruct the Holocene sea-level history of the northernmost China Sea shelf. This region is of great interest owing to its apparent far-field position during the late Quaternary, its broad shelf and its enormous sediment load supplied by the Yellow River. This study generated 25 sea-level index points for the central Bohai coastal plain through the study of 15 sediment cores and their sedimentary facies, foraminiferal assemblages and radiocarbon dating the basal peat. The observational data were compared with sea-level predictions obtained from global glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) models and with published sea-level data from Sunda shelf, Tahiti and Barbados. Our observational data indicate a phase of rapid sea-level rise from c. −17 to −4 m between c. 10 and 5 ka with a peak rise of 6.4 mm a−1 during 8.7 to 7.5 ka and slower rise of 1.9 mm a−1 during 7.5 to 5.3 ka followed by a phase of slow rise from 5 to 2 ka (∼0.4 mm a−1 from −3.58 m at 5.3 ka cal BP to −2.15 m at 2.3 ka cal BP). The comparison with the sea-level predictions for the study area and the published sea-level data is insightful: in the early Holocene, Bohai Bay's sea-level rise is dominated by a combination of the eustatic and the water load components causing the levering of the broad shelf. In the mid to late Holocene the rise is dominated by a combination of tectonic subsidence and fluvial sediment load, which masks the mid-Holocene highstand recorded elsewhere in the region.
    Description: Published
    Description: 679–693
    Description: 4A. Oceanografia e clima
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 17
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    Mass balance of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2017 (2018)
    In:  EPIC3Nature, 558(7709), pp. 219-222
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: The Antarctic Ice Sheet is an important indicator of climate change and driver of sea-level rise. Here we combine satellite observations of its changing volume, flow and gravitational attraction with modelling of its surface mass balance to show that it lost 2,720 ± 1,390 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2017, which corresponds to an increase in mean sea level of 7.6 ± 3.9 millimetres (errors are one standard deviation). Over this period, ocean-driven melting has caused rates of ice loss from West Antarctica to increase from 53 ± 29 billion to 159 ± 26 billion tonnes per year; ice-shelf collapse has increased the rate of ice loss from the Antarctic Peninsula from 7 ± 13 billion to 33 ± 16 billion tonnes per year. We find large variations in and among model estimates of surface mass balance and glacial isostatic adjustment for East Antarctica, with its average rate of mass gain over the period 1992–2017 (5 ± 46 billion tonnes per year) being the least certain.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 18
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    Mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet from 1992 to 2018 (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Nature, 579(7798), pp. 233-239
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-08-03
    Description: The Greenland Ice Sheet has been a major contributor to global sea-level rise in recent decades1,2, and it is expected to continue to be so3. Although increases in glacier flow4–6 and surface melting7–9 have been driven by oceanic10–12 and atmospheric13,14 warming, the magnitude and trajectory of the ice sheet’s mass imbalance remain uncertain. Here we compare and combine 26 individual satellite measurements of changes in the ice sheet’s volume, flow and gravitational potential to produce a reconciled estimate of its mass balance. The ice sheet was close to a state of balance in the 1990s, but annual losses have risen since then, peaking at 345 ± 66 billion tonnes per year in 2011. In all, Greenland lost 3,902 ± 342 billion tonnes of ice between 1992 and 2018, causing the mean sea level to rise by 10.8 ± 0.9 millimetres. Using three regional climate models, we show that the reduced surface mass balance has driven 1,964 ± 565 billion tonnes (50.3 per cent) of the ice loss owing to increased meltwater runoff. The remaining 1,938 ± 541 billion tonnes (49.7 per cent) of ice loss was due to increased glacier dynamical imbalance, which rose from 46 ± 37 billion tonnes per year in the 1990s to 87 ± 25 billion tonnes per year since then. The total rate of ice loss slowed to 222 ± 30 billion tonnes per year between 2013 and 2017, on average, as atmospheric circulation favoured cooler conditions15 and ocean temperatures fell at the terminus of Jakobshavn Isbræ16. Cumulative ice losses from Greenland as a whole have been close to the rates predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change for their high-end climate warming scenario17, which forecast an additional 70 to 130 millimetres of global sea-level rise by 2100 compared with their central estimate.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 19
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    Application of the Post-Widder Laplace inversion algorithm to postseismic rebound models (2010)
    IL NUOVO CIMENTO C
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: The postseismic response of a viscoelastic Earth can be computed analytically with a normal-mode approach, based on the application of propagator methods. This framework suffers from many limitations, mostly connected with the solution of the secular equation, whose degree scales with the number of viscoelastic layers so that only low-resolution models can be practically solved. Recently, a viable alternative to the normal-mode approach has been proposed, based on the Post-Widder inversion formula. This method allows to overcome some of the intrinsic limitations of the normal-mode approach, so that Earth models with arbitrary radial resolution can be employed and general linear non-Maxwell rheologies can be implemented. In this work, we test the robustness of the method against a standard normal-mode approach in order to optimize computation performance while ensuring the solution stability. As an application, we address the issue of finding the minimum number of layers with distinct elastic properties needed to accurately describe the postseismic relaxation of a realistic Earth model.
    Description: Published
    Description: Rimini, 27-30 Maggio Senigallia, 31 Maggio
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: Crustal movements and deformation ; Earthquakes ; Rheology of the Earth ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 05. General::05.01. Computational geophysics::05.01.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 20
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    Sea level changes from seismic dislocations: a self-consistent approach (2009)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-03
    Description: Large earthquakes are a potentially important source of relative sea level variations, since they can drive global deformations and simultaneously perturb the gravity field of the Earth. We obtained a gravitationally self-consistent, integral sea level equation suitable for earthquakes, in which, for the first time, we are able to account for the first time both for direct effects by the seismic dislocation and for the feedback from water loading associated with sea level changes. The seismic sealevel equation can be solved numerically within the well-estabilisthed theoretical framework of glacio-isostatic adjustment modeling. Through a set of numerical benchmarks we demonstrate the effectiveness of the numerical implementation. As an application, we model sea level signals following the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake, showing that surface loading from ocean water redistribution (so far ignored in post-seismic deformation modeling) may account for a significant fraction of the total computed sea level variation.
    Description: Published
    Description: San Fransisco, USA
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: open
    Keywords: sea-level change ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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