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  • 1
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    Surface Penetrating Radar Simulations for Europa (2004)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-05
    Description: The space environment above the icy surface of Europa is a source of radio noise in this frequency range from natural sources in the Jovian magnetosphere. The ionospheric and magnetospheric plasma environment of Europa affects propagation of transmitted and return signals between the spacecraft and the solid surface in a frequency-dependent manner. The ultimate resolution of the subsurface sounding measurements will be determined, in part, by a capability to mitigate these effects. We discuss an integrated multi-frequency approach to active radio sounding of the Europa ionospheric and local magnetospheric environments, based on operational experience from the Radio Plasma Imaging @PI) experiment on the IMAGE spacecraft in Earth orbit, in support of the subsurface measurement objectives.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Workshop on Europa's Icy Shell: Past, Present, and Future; 48; LPI-Contrib-1195
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  • 2
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    Space plasma high-voltage drainage experiment (A0054) (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: The objectives of this experiment are to place large numbers of dielectric samples under electric stress in space; to determine their in-space current drainage behavior; to recover, inspect, and further test these samples in laboratory facilities; and finally to specify allowable electric stress levels for these materials as applied to solar-array and thermal control coatings for prolonged exposure in space. These findings, in turn, will pace the design of encapsulated, lightweight, high-voltage solar arrays as well as the development of coating materials for spacecraft operation in energetic charged-particle environments such as that experienced at geosynchronous altitudes during magnetic substorms.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF); p 82-85
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  • 3
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    An enhancement of plasma density by neutral gas injection observed in SEPAC Spacelab-1 experiment (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An enhancement of plasma density observed during a neutral gas injection in Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators by the Space Shuttle/Spacelab-1 is presented. When a plume of nitrogen gas was injected from the orbiter into space, a large amount of plasma was detected by an onboard plasma probe. The observed density often increased beyond the background plasma density and was strongly dependent on the attitude of the orbiter with respect to the velocity vector. This effect has been explained by a collisional interaction between the injected gas molecules and the ionospheric ions relatively drifting at the orbital speed.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geomagnetism and Geoelectricity (ISSN 0022-1392); 37; 9, 19
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  • 4
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    Neutralization of beam-emitting spacecraft by plasma injection (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An impulsive plasma injection has been used to study charge neutralization of the Space Shuttle Orbiter while it was emitting an electron beam into space. This investigation was performed by Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators on Spacelab-1. A plasma consisting of 10 to the 19th argon ion-electron pairs was injected into space for 1 ms while an electron beam was also being emitted into space. The electron beam energy and current were as high as 5 keV and 300 mA. While the orbiter potential was positive before the plasma injection and began to decrease during the plasma injection, it was near zero for 6 to 20 ms after the plasma injection. The recovery time to the initial level of charging varied from 10 to 100 ms. In a laboratory test in a large space chamber using the same flight hardware, the neutralization time was 8-17 ms and the recovery time was 11-20 ms. The long duration of the neutralization effect in space can be explained by a model of diffusion of the cold plasma which is produced near the Orbiter by charge exchange between the neutral argon atoms and the energetic argon ions during plasma injection.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT DESIGN, TESTING AND PERFORMANCE
    Type: Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets (ISSN 0022-4650); 24; 227-231
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  • 5
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    Gas ionization induced by a high speed plasma injection in space (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Gas ionization induced by a fast plasma injection has been observed with the Space Experiments with Particle Accelerators (SEPAC) Experiment on Spacelab-1. When an impulsive high-density plasma was injected from the orbiter, waves near the lower-hybrid frequency were enhanced, and the surrounding gas drifting with the orbiter was ionized for several tens of milliseconds after the plasma injection. The long-duration gas ionization was observed only when the plasma flux incoming to the orbiter cargo bay and the orbital velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field were relatively large. This effect has been explained by the concept of critical velocity ionization (CVI) for the gas drifting with the orbiter, although the gas velocity perpendicular to the magnetic field was less than the Alfven critical velocity.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 434-437
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  • 6
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    Report from space plasma science (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Space plasma science, especially plasma experiments in space, is discussed. Computational simulations, wave generation and propagation, wave-particle interactions, charged particle acceleration, particle-particle interactions, radiation transport in dense plasmas, macroscopic plasma flow, plasma-magnetic field interactions, plasma-surface interactions, prospects for near-term plasma science experiments in space and three-dimensional plasma experiments are among the topics discussed.
    Keywords: PLASMA PHYSICS
    Type: NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Solar-Terrestrial Science Strategy Workshop; p 51-59
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  • 7
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    Report from magnetospheric science (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: By the early 1990s, magnetospheric physics will have progressed primarily through observations made from Explorer-class spacecraft, sounding rockets, ground based facilities, and shuttle based experiments. The global geospace science (GGS) element of the International Solar Terrestrial Physics program, when combined with contributions to the ESA Cluster mission and ground based and computer modeling programs, will form the basis for a major U.S. initiative in magnetospheric physics. The scientific objectives of the GGS program involve the study of energy transport throughout geospace. The Cluster mission will investigate turbulence and boundary phenomena in geospace, particularly at high latitudes on the dayside and in the region of the neutral sheet at geocentric distances of about 20 earth radii on the night side of the earth. The current state of knowledge is reviewed and the goals of these missions are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Solar-Terrestrial Science Strategy Workshop; p 25-30
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  • 8
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    Waves In Space Plasmas (WISP) (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Waves in space plasmas (WISP) utilizes powerful radio transmitters and sensitive receivers to probe the secrets of the magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere. The scientific objective is to achieve a better understanding of the physical processes occurring in these regions. For example, audio frequency radio waves will be radiated from the long WISP antenna, will travel to the outer reaches of the magnetosphere, and will interact with Van Allen belt particles, releasing some of their energy which amplifies the waves. Study of this interaction will give a better understanding of a major magnetospheric process, wave-particle interactions. Radio waves from WISP at higher frequencies (AM radio and beyond) will be reflected by the ionosphere and will, for example, advance our understanding of bubbles in the equatorial ionosphere which affect satellite communications.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: NASA. George C. Marshall Space Flight Center Solar Terrestrial Observatory Space Station Workshop Report; p 8-9
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 9
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    Waves In Space Plasmas (WISP) (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Waves in space plasmas (WISP) utilizes powerful radio transmitters and sensitive receivers to probe the secrets of the magnetosphere, ionosphere and atmosphere. The scientific objective is to achieve a better understanding of the physical processes occurring in these regions. For example, audio frequency radio waves will be radiated from the long WISP antenna, will travel to the outer reaches of the magnetosphere, and will interact with Van Allen belt particles, releasing some of their energy which amplifies the waves. Study of this interaction will give us a better understanding of a major magnetospheric process, wave particle interactions. Radio waves from WISP at higher frequencies (AM radio and beyond) will be reflected by the ionosphere and will, for example, advance our understanding of bubbles in the equatorial ionosphere which affect satellite communications.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Alabama Univ. Coordinated Study of Solar-Terrestrial Payloads on Space Station; 2 p
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  • 10
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    LDEF SP-HVDE (Space Plasma-High Voltage Drainage Experiment) post-flight results: Leakage current and discharge (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: TRW designed and fabricated two identical SP-HVDE trays which were flown in the NASA LDEF (Long Duration Exposure Facility) for 5.75 years in the LEO (low earth orbit) environment. One tray was placed near the leading edge and one near the trailing edge, and investigations were performed to compare the environmental interactions on the dielectric samples of the two trays. Each tray consisted of six assemblies with Kapton dielectric samples of varying thicknesses (i.e., 2 mils, 3 mil, and 5 mils) biased under +/- 300 V, +/- 500 V, and +/- 1000 V. The original objective was successfully achieved by measuring the first in-flight average leakage current through the samples. Less than 5 percent of the post-flight coulometers behaved anomalously. The data should be valuable to the design and evaluation of spacecraft with high voltage systems. M/D (micrometeoroid and debris) impacts over the dielectric samples were examined using a SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) and an EDS (Energy Dispersive x-ray Spectrometer). These impact sites were sprayed by silver which were most likely caused either by the impact or a 'local ESD' (electrostatic discharge).
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center, LDEF: 69 Months in Space. First Post-Retrieval Symposium, Part 3; p 1419-1429
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