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  • Other Sources  (7)
  • 1
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    Impact winter and the Cretaceous/Tertiary extinctions: Results of a Chicxulub asteroid impact model (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Chicxulub impact crater in Mexico is the site of the impact purported to have caused mass extinctions at the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary. 2-D hydrocode modeling of the impact, coupled with studies of the impact site geology, indiate that between 0.4 and 7.0 x 10(exp 17) g of sulfur were vaporized by the impact into anhydrite target rocks. A small portion of the sulfur was released as SO3 or SO4, which converted rapidly into H2SO4 aerosol and fell as acid rain. A radiative transfer model, coupled with a model of coagulation indicates that the aerosol prolonged the initial blackout period caused by impact dust only if the aerosol contained impurities. A larger portion of sulfur was released as SO2, which converted to aerosol slowly, due to the rate-limiting oxidation of SO2. Our radiative transfer calculations, combined with rates of acid production, coagulation, and diffusion indicate that solar transmission was reduced to 10-20% of normal for a period of 8-13 yr. This reduction produced a climate forcing (cooling) of -300 W/sq.m, which far exceeded the +8 W/sq.m greenhouse warming, caused by the CO2 released through the vaporization of carbonates, and therefore produced a decade of freezing and near-freezing temperatures. Several decades of moderate warming followed the decade of severe cooling due to the long residence time of CO2. The prolonged impact winter may have been a major cause of the K/T extinctions.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 128; 3-4; p. 719-725
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  • 2
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    Journey to the end of the dinosaur era: A society expedition to Belize (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The impact of the extraterrestrial object that formed the Chicxulub crater in the northwestern Yucatan peninsula of Mexico is the leading suspect for the extinction of the dinosaurs. This article reports on a Planetary Society expedition to Albion Island in the Rio Hondo region of Belize to investigate evidence supporting the impact theory.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary Report (ISSN 0736-3680); 15; 4; p. 10-14
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  • 3
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    Surficial geology of the Chicxulub impact crater, Yucatan, Mexico (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The Chicxulub impact crater in northwestern Yucatan, Mexico is the primary candidate for the proposed impact that caused mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous Period. The crater is buried by up to a kilometer of Tertiary sediment and the most prominent surface expression is a ring of sink holes, known locally as cenotes, mapped with Landsat imagery. This 165 +/- 5 km diameter Cenote Ring demarcates a boundary between unfractured limestones inside the ring, and fractured limestones outside. The boundary forms a barrier to lateral ground water migration, resulting in increased flows, dissolution, and collapse thus forming the cenotes. The subsurface geology indicates that the fracturing that created the Cenote Ring is related to slumping in the rim of the buried crater, differential thicknesses in the rocks overlying the crater, or solution collapse within porous impact deposits. The Cenote Ring provides the most accurate position of the Chicxulub crater's center, and the associated faults, fractures, and stratigraphy indicate that the crater may be approximately 240 km in diameter.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Basic Space Science; United Nations(European Space Agency Workshop for Developing Countries, 2nd, San Jose, Costa Rica, November 2-7, 1992 . A95-79916 (ISSN 0167-9295); 63; 2; p. 93-104
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  • 4
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    Mexican site for K/T impact crater? (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Research throughout the Caribbean suggests that the geophysical anomalies in the Yucatan first noted by Penfield and Camargo (1981) and called the Chicxulub crater could be the site of the impact purported to have caused the K/T extinctions. A semicircular ring of sink holes, known locally as cenotes, which correlates with the geophysical anomalies has been identified, and it is argued that the origin of the cenote ring is related to postimpact subsidence of the Chicxulub crater rim. If there is indeed a crater, the region within the cenote ring corresponds to its floor and the crater rim diameter is probably larger than 200 km. If confirmed as a site of impact, the Chicxulub crater would be the largest terrestrial impact crater known, which is consistent with the uniqueness of the K/T global catastrophe.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 351; 105
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  • 5
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    Mars - Satellite and ring search from Viking (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Viking Orbiter 1 imaging data were used in a search for possible satellites and rings of Mars in 1980, giving attention to a region within the Phobos orbit and + or - 350 km about the Martian equatorial plane. After picture processing, no images other than stars and Phobos itself were found to be a few brightnesses (or more) above their surrounding, as would be expected in the case of a point-spread, 'smeared' image of either satellites or rings. There is therefore no evidence of any such phenomenon in the 78 pictures studied.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Icarus (ISSN 0019-1035); 76; 160-162
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  • 6
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    The Galileo mission earth encounters - An earth remote sensing perspective (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: After its Venus-Earth-Earth Gravity Assist trajectory, the Galileo spacecraft will arrive at Jupiter in 1995. The gravity-assist portion of the mission, however, will allow the spacecraft, which is equipped with a unique set of remote-sensing instruments, to observe earth from 970 km during its December 1990 approach, and from as little as 304 km in its second and last approach of December, 1992. An evaluation is presented of the role that the Galileo instrument suite can play in these earth encounters in virtue of their outstanding spectral and spatial resolutions.
    Keywords: GEOSCIENCES (GENERAL)
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  • 7
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    Surficial Geology of the Chicxulub Impact Crater, Yucatan, Mexico (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Chicxulub impact crater in northwestern Yucatan, Mexico is the primary candidate for the proposed impact that caused mass extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous Period. The crater is buried by up to a kilometer of Tertiary sediment and the most prominent surface expression is a ring of sink holes, known locally as cenotes, mapped with Landsat imagery. This 165 +/- 5 km diameter Cenote Ring demarcates a boundary between unfractured limestones inside the ring, and fractured limestones outside. The boundary forms a barrier to lateral ground water migration, resulting in increased flows, dissolution, and collapse thus forming the cenotes. The subsurface geology indicates that the fracturing that created the Cenote Ring is related to slumping in the rim of the buried crater, differential thicknesses in the rocks overlying the crater, or solution collapse within porous impact deposits. The Cenote Ring provides the most accurate position of the Chicxulub crater's center, and the associated faults, fractures, and stratigraphy indicate that the crater may be approx. 240 km in diameter.
    Keywords: Geophysics
    Type: NASA/CR-1993-204937 , NAS 1.26:204937 , Earth, Moon, and Planets; 63; 93-104
    Format: application/pdf
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