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  • 1
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    Electron Crescent Distributions as a Manifestation of Diamagnetic Drift in an Electron-Scale Current Sheet: Magnetospheric Multiscale Observations Using New 7.5 ms Fast Plasma Investigation Moments (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report Magnetospheric Multiscale observations of electron pressure gradient electric fields near a magnetic reconnection diffusion region using a new technique for extracting 7.5 ms electron moments from the Fast Plasma Investigation. We find that the deviation of the perpendicular electron bulk velocity from E B drift in the interval where the out-of-plane current density is increasing can be explained by the diamagnetic drift. In the interval where the out-of-plane current is transitioning to in-plane current, the electron momentum equation is not satisfied at 7.5 ms resolution.
    Keywords: Plasma Physics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN55907 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276) (e-ISSN 1944-8007); 45; 2; 578-584
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Primer Vector Optimization: Survey of Theory, New Analysis and Applications (2002)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In this paper, a summary of primer vector theory is presented. The applicability of primer vector theory is examined in an effort to understand when and why the theory can fail. For example, since the Calculus of Variations is based on "small" variations, singularities in the linearized (variational) equations of motion along the arcs must be taken into account. These singularities are a recurring problem in analyse that employ small variations. Two examples, the initialization of an orbit and a line of apsides rotation, are presented. Recommendations, future work, and the possible addition of other optimization techniques are also discussed.
    Keywords: Mathematical and Computer Sciences (General)
    Type: IAC-02-A. 6.09 , 53rd International Astronautical Congress: The World Space Congress - 2002; Oct 10, 2002 - Oct 19, 2002; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 3
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    An interactive tool for design and support of lunar, gravity assist, and libration point trajectories (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The 'Swingby' interactive tool for design, analysis, and support of maneuver planning for missions that involve transfers to the moon, the lunar orbits, multiple-gravity assists, and the libration-point orbits, runs on a PC and uses pull-down and pop-up menus to allow users to change physical constants and select perturbations for inclusion. Swingby can also target by ascertain parameters, or allow the computer to generate goals on the basis of mission requirements. Rapid mission analyses, operational maneuvers, and contingency plans are thereby obtainable.
    Keywords: COMPUTER SYSTEMS
    Type: AIAA PAPER 93-1126 , ; 12 p.|AIAA, AHS, and ASEE, Aerospace Design Conference; Feb 16, 1993 - Feb 19, 1993; Irvine, CA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Wavelet Compression Performance of MMS/FPI Plasma Count Data with Plasma Environment (2018)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-12-13
    Description: The Fast Plasma Investigation onboard the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission uses a discrete wavelet transform and bit plane encoder for data compression. This is the first plasma spectrometer suite to use this method of compression and thus serves as a benchmark for future plasma spectrometers. Flight data from MMS confirm viability of this compression algorithm in large areas of the magnetosphere. Because much of the FPI data were compressed losslessly on orbit, this flight data can be used as seed data to investigate performance of the DWT/BPEbased compression at increased rates of compression. In this study, data from several representative regions of the magnetosphere have been compressed to increasingly small sizes and the resulting error was analyzed. Waveletbased compression is shown to be effective in all regions of the magnetosphere and solar wind for plasma count data, with performance varying with local environment. Specifically, plasma distributions that are characterized by low temperature and/or low density are compressed better leading to excellent performance in plasma regions such as solar wind and the magnetosheath. In general, ion data are compressed better than electron data, primarily due to a higher drift velocity of ions relative to their thermal speed and lower count rates. DWT/BPE compression can therefore be recommended for future instruments measuring count data in Earth's magnetosphere and in solar wind.
    Keywords: Instrumentation and Photography; Plasma Physics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN64295 , Earth and Space Science (e-ISSN 2333-5084); 6; 1; 116-135
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  • 5
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    Comparison of Magnetospheric Multiscale Ion Jet Signatures with Predicted Reconnection Site Locations at the Magnetopause (2016)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Magnetic reconnection at the Earths magnetopause is the primary process by which solar wind plasma and energy gains access to the magnetosphere. One indication that magnetic reconnection is occurring is the observation of accelerated plasma as a jet tangential to the magnetopause. The direction of ion jets along the magnetopause surface as observed by the Fast Plasma Instrument (FPI) and the Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer (HPCA) instrument on board the recently launched Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) set of spacecraft is examined. For those cases where ion jets are clearly discerned, the direction of origin compares well statistically with the predicted location of magnetic reconnection using convected solar wind observations in conjunction with the Maximum Magnetic Shear model.
    Keywords: Space Sciences (General)
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN40933 , Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 43; 12; 5997–6004
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  • 6
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    Performance of a Space-Based Wavelet Compressor for Plasma Count Data on the MMS Fast Plasma Investigation (2017)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Data compression has been a staple of imaging instruments for years. Recently, plasma measurements have utilized compression with relatively low compression ratios. The Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) on board the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission generates data roughly 100 times faster than previous plasma instruments, requiring a higher compression ratio to fit within the telemetry allocation. This study investigates the performance of a space-based compression standard employing a Discrete Wavelet Transform and a Bit Plane Encoder (DWT/BPE) in compressing FPI plasma count data. Data from the first 6 months of FPI operation are analyzed to explore the error modes evident in the data and how to adapt to them. While approximately half of the Dual Electron Spectrometer (DES) maps had some level of loss, it was found that there is little effect on the plasma moments and that errors present in individual sky maps are typically minor. The majority of Dual Ion Spectrometer burst sky maps compressed in a lossless fashion, with no error introduced during compression. Because of induced compression error, the size limit for DES burst images has been increased for Phase 1B. Additionally, it was found that the floating point compression mode yielded better results when images have significant compression error, leading to floating point mode being used for the fast survey mode of operation for Phase 1B. Despite the suggested tweaks, it was found that wavelet-based compression, and a DWT/BPE algorithm in particular, is highly suitable to data compression for plasma measurement instruments and can be recommended for future missions.
    Keywords: Plasma Physics; Communications and Radar
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN51706 , Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics (ISSN 2169-9380) (e-ISSN 2169-9402); 122; 1; 765-779
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