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Testing variability in pathogenicity of Phytophthora cinnamomi (1998)

Robin, Cécile ; Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure

Springer

European journal of plant pathology 104 (1998), S. 465-475

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ISSN: 1573-8469

Keywords: oak ; Quercus rubra ; chestnut ; Castanea sativa ; virulence ; specific pathogenicity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Forty eight isolates of Phytophthora cinnamomi from various host plants in France (35 isolates) and in other countries were tested for pathogenicity. Seedlings of chestnut, northern red oak, pine and eucalyptus were infected by soil contamination. Taproots, stems and bark strips of plants of chestnut and different oak species were inoculated with mycelium agar disks. Results of the different experiments were in good agreement. All isolates appeared pathogenic to all the different test species but with variable levels of virulence. Isolates with consistent low or high level of virulence, which could be used as standards in further studies, were identified. Interaction between P. cinnamomi isolates and host plant species was significant in terms of lesion lengths. These interactions could not be related to host from which P. cinnamomi was isolated. Consistent with this, in Quercus rubra, the isolate-provenance interaction was not significant. This feature is encouraging for provenance screening for resistance to P. cinnamomi in this species. The variation in virulence was not related to other isolate characteristics (mating type, electrophoretic type, age).

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008649806620

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Tectonic and stratigraphic evolution of Zagros and Makran during the Mesozoic-Cenozoic: introduction (2010)

Leturmy, Pascale ; Robin, Cécile

In: Geological Society Special Publication 330: 1-4.

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Publication Date: 2010-06-03

Description: The Zagros fold–thrust belt (ZFTB) extends for c. 2000 km from Turkey in the NW to the Hormuz Strait in the SE. This belt results from the collision of the Arabian and Eurasian plates during Cenozoic times and constitutes a morphological barrier (with some peaks exceeding 4000 m) separating the Arabian platform from the large plateaux of central Iran. To the east a pronounced syntaxis marks the transition between the Zagros collision belt and the Makran accretionary wedge. In the ZFTB, the Proterozoic to Recent stratigraphic succession pile of the southern Tethys margin is involved in huge folds detached from the Pan-African basement and offers the opportunity to study the stratigraphic and tectonic evolution of the Palaeo-Tethyan margin over large time periods. Few recent data are widely available on the southern Tethys margin as preserved in the Zagros Mountains. Since the classical works of James & Wynd (1965) and Murris (1980), the most recent synthesis is the palaeogeographical reconstruction of the Arabian platform published by Ziegler (2001). Many petroleum data have been acquired during the last 10 years, but few of these have been published. The Middle East Basins Evolution (MEBE) Programme, coordinated by P. Barrier and M. F. Brunet, in close relationship with colleagues of the Geological Survey of Iran, was an excellent opportunity to go back to the field and to collect new data to better constrain the evolution of this margin. In this volume, the structure of the Zagros Mountains is explored through different...

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Mesozoic deep-water carbonate deposits from the southern Tethyan passive margin in Iran (Pichakun nappes, Neyriz area): biostratigraphy, facies sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy (2010)

Robin, Cecile ; Gorican, Spela ; Guillocheau, Francois ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 330: 179-210.

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Publication Date: 2010-06-03

Description: The objective of this work is to study the Mesozoic turbiditic sediments from the southern Tethys margin in Iran. These sediments are exposed as nappes in the Pichakun Mountains (i.e. the Zagros Mountains in the Neyriz area), which inverted during latest Cretaceous time. Radiolarians are used to both define and date four main lithostratigraphic formations: (1) the Bar Er Formation (undated, probably Late Triassic to Early Jurassic); (2) the Darreh Juve Formation (Aalenian-early Bajocian to middle Callovian-early Oxfordian); (3) the Imamzadeh Formation (middle Callovian-early Oxfordian to Aptian); (4) the Neghareh Khaneh Formation (late Aptian to Turonian-Coniacian). Most of the sediments are deep-sea gravity-flow lobe deposits. Channel deposits occurred during the Bajocian (i.e. the Darreh Juve Fm) and deeply incised channels (canyons?) occurred during the Albian (i.e. the Neghareh Khaneh Fm). Twenty-seven facies, grouped into eight facies associations, are defined. Based on a sequence stratigraphic study (i.e. the stacking pattern), five second-order cycles (10-30 Ma duration), defined between two successive distal facies time-intervals, are characterized: (1) the J2 (Toarcian?-middle Oxfordian, unconformity: Late Toarcian-Aalenian); (2) the J3 (middle Oxfordian-Berriasian, unconformity: middle? Tithonian); (3) the K1.1 (Berriasian-undated top); (4) the K1.2 (undated base-early Aptian, unconformity: late Hauterivian); (5) the K1.3 (early Aptian-at least Turonian-Coniacian, unconformity: Aptian-Albian boundary). The most important tectonic event recorded occurred at the Aptian-Albian boundary (a deposition of olistoliths, from a few metres to 100 m thick, in debris flows; related to Austrian deformations). The Arabian-scale late Toarcian and early Tithonian deformations have been recorded as unconformities. It is expected that another tectonic event occurred during the late Hauterivian. The unconformity of cycle K1.1 could be a late Valanginian eustatic fall of climatic origin.

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Genetic units/parasequences of the Annot turbidite system, SE France (2007)

Guillocheau, Francois ; Quemener, Jean-Marie ; Robin, Cecile ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 221: 181-202.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: High-frequency cycles (genetic units or parasequences), with a mean duration of 20000 years, have been identified in the Gre d'Annot turbidite system of the southern Alpine foreland basin (Late Eocene/Early Oligocene). They filled a narrow (2-8 km wide) synsedimentary syncline that formed a confined basin fed upward by a fan-delta located on a narrow shelf. These cycles are 10m thick, and each consists of a basal heterolithic component and an upper sandy homolithic unit, traceable over at least 10 km. They result from the superposition of (1) a progradational phase with an accretionary system (low-angle accretionary bedsets) and a feeder system (by-pass to high preservation oblique laminasets) and (2) an aggradational phase with a spread' system overlain by a condensed interval. The progradational phase shows very low-angle clinoforms (low-angle accretionary sets, 1-2 m high, a few tens to a few hundreds of metres long) fed by erosional structures (channels or large scours, 0.2-2 m deep, a few metres to a few tens of metres wide). The aggradational phase (subplanar laminasets, scour and fill' structures) forms a ramp, and drapes the underlying sediments. These progradational geometries may be explained by the narrow sub-basin morphology and by the transition from channelled flow (updip narrow part) to unconfined flow (downdip wider part). These genetic units directly record the variations in sedimentation rate of the feeding fan-delta on the shelf, which are controlled by the 20 000 year cycles of sea-level change.

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The influence of syndepositional basin floor deformation on the geometry of turbiditic sandstones: a reinterpretation of the Cote de L'Ane area (Sanguiniere-Restefonds sub-Basin, Gres d'Annot, Late Eocene, France) (2007)

Broucke, Olivier ; Guillocheau, Francois ; Robin, CEcile ; [et al.]

In: Geological Society Special Publication 221: 203-222.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: The Cote de l'Ane section has been previously interpreted as shallow marine deposits (deltaic system with delta-front to bay head and back-barrier environments). The purpose of this article is (1) to suggest a reinterpretation of these facies of the Gres d'Annot in this area as deep marine deposits and (2) to discuss the effect of an evolving seafloor topography during sedimentation on the stacking pattern of turbiditic deposits. The facies analysis of the sedimentary succession is based on eight measured sedimentological logs and on the visual correlation of identified surfaces. Detailed sedimentological observations permitted the identification of a turbidite facies spectrum, schematized in nine facies associations. Outcrop-scale analysis highlights a downstream thickening of the sedimentary sequence resulting from a strong control by tectonic deformation. This deformation is mainly a flexure with a half-wavelength longer than 500m. Associated normal faults may be related to a gravity slide of unconsolidated sediments accommodated within the flexure. Finally, detailed correlations based on the genetic unit model in the Restefonds-Sanguiniere system establish the effect of an evolving seafloor topography during sedimentation on the stacking pattern of turbiditic deposits.

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Is Xylella fastidiosa a serious threat to European forests? (2020)

Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure ; Balci, Yilmaz ; Cornara, Daniele ; [et al.]

Oxford University Press

In: Forestry. 2020; Published 2020 Aug 06. doi: 10.1093/forestry/cpaa029. [early online release]

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Publication Date: 2020-08-06

Description: The recent emergence of Olive Quick Decline Syndrome in Italy, caused by Xylella fastidiosa, has drawn attention to the risks posed by this vector-borne bacterium to important crops in Europe (especially fruit trees and grapevine). Comparatively very little is known on actual and potential impacts of this pathogen in forests, in the native (North American) and introduced (European) regions, respectively. The present review aims to address important questions related to the threat posed by X. fastidiosa to European forests, such as the following: What are the symptoms, hosts and impact of bacterial leaf scorch caused by X. fastidiosa on trees in North America? Which forest tree species have been found infected in the introduction area in Europe? How does X. fastidiosa cause disease in susceptible hosts? Are there any X. fastidiosa genotypes (subspecies and sequence types) specifically associated with forest trees? How is X. fastidiosa transmitted? What are the known and potential vectors for forest trees? How does vector ecology affect disease? Is the distribution of X. fastidiosa, especially the strains associated with trees, restricted by climatic factors? Is disease risk for trees different in forest ecosystems as compared with urban settings? We conclude by pointing to important knowledge gaps related to all these questions and strongly advocate for more research about the Xylella-forest pathosystems, in both North America and Europe.

Print ISSN: 0015-752X

Electronic ISSN: 1464-3626

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Published by Oxford University Press

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Global Geographic Distribution and Host Range of Fusarium circinatum, the Causal Agent of Pine Pitch Canker (2020)

Drenkhan, Rein ; Ganley, Beccy ; Martín-García, Jorge ; [et al.]

Molecular Diversity Preservation International

In: Forests. 2020; 11(7): 724. Published 2020 Jul 01. doi: 10.3390/f11070724.

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Publication Date: 2020-07-01

Description: Fusarium circinatum, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), is currently one of the most important threats of Pinus spp. globally. This pathogen is known in many pine-growing regions, including natural and planted forests, and can affect all life stages of trees, from emerging seedlings to mature trees. Despite the importance of PPC, the global distribution of F. circinatum is poorly documented, and this problem is also true of the hosts within countries that are affected. The aim of this study was to review the global distribution of F. circinatum, with a particular focus on Europe. We considered (1) the current and historical pathogen records, both positive and negative, based on confirmed reports from Europe and globally; (2) the genetic diversity and population structure of the pathogen; (3) the current distribution of PPC in Europe, comparing published models of predicted disease distribution; and (4) host susceptibility by reviewing literature and generating a comprehensive list of known hosts for the fungus. These data were collated from 41 countries and used to compile a specially constructed geo-database. A review of 6297 observation records showed that F. circinatum and the symptoms it causes on conifers occurred in 14 countries, including four in Europe, and is absent in 28 countries. Field observations and experimental data from 138 host species revealed 106 susceptible host species including 85 Pinus species, 6 non-pine tree species and 15 grass and herb species. Our data confirm that susceptibility to F. circinatum varies between different host species, tree ages and environmental characteristics. Knowledge on the geographic distribution, host range and the relative susceptibility of different hosts is essential for disease management, mitigation and containment strategies. The findings reported in this review will support countries that are currently free of F. circinatum in implementing effective procedures and restrictions and prevent further spread of the pathogen.

Electronic ISSN: 1999-4907

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International

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Rapid erosion of the Southern African Plateau as it climbs over a mantle superswell (2014)

Jean Braun, François Guillocheau, Robin Cécile, Guillaume Baby, Hielke Jelsma

Wiley

In: Journal of Geophysical Research JGR - Solid Earth

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Publication Date: 2014-07-10

Description: ABSTRACT We present new sedimentary flux data confirming that a large pulse of erosion affected the Southern African Plateau in the late Cretaceous and is likely to be related to a major uplift episode of the plateau. This short phase of erosion (i.e. less than 30 Myr in duration) has commonly been difficult to reconcile with a mantle origin for the plateau anomalous uplift: given its size, the rise of the African superplume is likely to have lasted much longer. Here we demonstrate by using a simple model for fluvial erosion that tilting of the continent as it rides over a wide dynamic topography high can not only cause rapid uplift of the plateau but also trigger continent-wide drainage re-organization, leading to substantial denudation in a relatively short amount of time. The amplitude and short duration of the sedimentary pulse are best reproduced by assuming a strong erodibility contrast between the Karoo sedimentary and volcanic rocks and the underlying basement. We also present a new compilation of paleo-climate indicators that shows a transition from arid to very humid conditions approximately at the onset of the documented erosional pulse, suggesting that climate may have also played a role in triggering the denudation. The diachronism of the sedimentary flux between the eastern and western margins of the plateau as well as the temporal and geographic coincidence between the uplift and kimberlite eruptions are, however, better explained by our tilt hypothesis driven by the migration of the continent over a fixed source of mantle upwelling.

Print ISSN: 0148-0227

Topics: Geosciences , Physics

Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).

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