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  • Articles  (7)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (7)
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  • Articles  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 46 (1996), S. 255-285 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: electron diffraction ; intermetallic ; oxidation ; TEM ; titanium aluminide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The early stages of TiAl oxidation at 900°C and 1000°C in air have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The investigations revealed that at the beginning of oxidation, i.e., after 4 min, TiO2 and Al2O3 grow in a preferential orientation on the γ-TiAl substrate. After 4 h of oxidation an oxide scale structure can already be found similar to that known from long-term oxidation. In addition, besides α-Al2O3, the formation of a second aluminum oxide phase and of titanium nitrides is observed. The processes at the metal-oxide interface of oxidation in the early stages, consisting of a repeated cycle of Al2O3 formation, Al2O3 dissolution, outward migration of Al through the scale, and reprecipitation of Al2O3 in the outer scale, are described by a model. The four stages observed in the kinetics of TiAl oxidation are explained on the basis of the results obtained and the structure of the oxide scale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 48 (1997), S. 13-22 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Anfangsstadien bei der Oxidation von TiAlDas Oxidationsverhalten von Titanaluminiden mit einem Aluminiumgehalt von 36 Gew.% (Ti36Al) und 35 Gew.%Al, sowie 5 Gew.% Nb (Ti35Al5Nb) wurde mit Hilfe von elektronenmikroskopischen Methoden untersucht, wobei ein Schwerpunkt auf der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) lag. Isotherme Auslagerungsversuche wurden bei 800 bis 1000°C für 0,5 bis 4 h an Laborluft durchgeführt. Zusätzlich wurden thermogravimetrische Messungen vorgenommen. Es wurde gezeigt, daß die Anfangsoxidation von TiAl in zwei Stadien eingeteilt werden kann. Im Stadium I führt die bevorzugte Oxidation von Aluminium zu einer Aluminiumverarmung in der Metallrandzone und der nachfolgenden Bildung von Titannitriden, mit einer erhöhten Oxidationsgeschwindigkeit als Folge. Nach dem Aufbrauchen der Verarmungszone wird ein wiederholter Zyklus aus Aluminiumoxidbildung, nachfolgender lokaler Aluminiumverarmung der Metallrandzone und dem Aufbrauchen des Ti-reichen Metalls durch Nitridbildung beobachtet, der lineares Oxidationsverhalten zur Folge hat (Stadium II). In der Legierung, die Niob enthält, wird die Auflösung des Aluminiumoxids im Titanoxid vermindert und dadurch die Bildung von Aluminiumoxid an der Metall/Oxid-Grenzfläche begünstigt. Mit Hilfe der Elektronenbeugung wurde gefunden, daß das Aluminiumoxid, das sich an der Metall/Oxid-Grenzfläche bildet, sehr wahrscheinlich ein Aluminiumoxynitrid Al27O39N ist. Bei der an Aluminium verarmten Metallphase wurde festgestellt, daß sie aus α2-TiAl und einer neuen kubischen Phase mit der Zusammensetzung zwischen α2-Ti3Al und γ-TiAl besteht.
    Notes: The oxidation behaviour of titanium aluminides containing 36 wt.-% Al (Ti36Al) and 35 wt.-% Al plus 5 wt.-% Nb (Ti35Al5Nb) has been investigated by electron microscopic methods with emphasis on transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The oxidation experiments were carried out at 800 to 1000°C in laboratory air for 0.5 h to 4 h. In addition thermogravimetric measurements were made. It has been shown that the shortterm oxidation of TiAl can be divided into two stages. In stage I the preferred formation of aluminium oxide leads to an aluminium depletion of the metal subsurface zone and the subsequent formation of titanium nitrides which enhances the oxidation rate. After consumption of the depletion layer a repeated cycle of aluminium oxide formation, subsequent local depletion of the metal subsurface zone in Al and consumption of the Ti-rich metal phase by nitride formation is observed leading to linear oxidation behaviour (stage II). In the niobium containing alloy the dissolution of alumina in titania is decreased and thus the formation of aluminium oxide at the metal/oxide interface is favoured. By electron diffraction it has been found that the aluminium oxide formed at the metal/oxide interface most probably is an aluminium oxynitride Al27O39N. The aluminium depleted metal phase has been analyzed to consist of α2-Ti3Al and a new cubic phase with a composition between of α2-Ti3Al and γ-TiAl.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2018-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Print ISSN: 1359-6462
    Electronic ISSN: 1872-8456
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1971-01-15
    Description: The axial and radial gradients of the tangential velocity distribution are calculated from prescribed secondary flow functions on the basis of a zero-order approximation to the momentum equations developed by Lewellen. It is shown that secondary flow functions may be devised which meet pertinent physical requirements and which at the same time lead to realistic tangential velocity gradients.The total-temperature distribution in both the axial and radial directions is calculated from such secondary flow functions and corresponding tangential velocity results on the basis of an approximate turbulent energy equation. The method employed for the solution of this equation stresses the equivalence of the vortex tube to counter-current systems with transverse diffusion such as distillation columns and heat exchangers.An availability function is derived that permits the evaluation of vortex tube performance on the basis of velocity data.Turbulent diffusivities resulting from the quantitative use of the tangential velocity approximation are shown to agree with those derived from the total-temperature calculations.
    Print ISSN: 0022-1120
    Electronic ISSN: 1469-7645
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0925-8388
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-4669
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Elsevier
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