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  • Articles  (202)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (202)
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  • Articles  (202)
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  • 1
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    Cardioprotective effects and pharmacokinetic properties of a controlled release formulation of a novel hydrogen sulfide donor in rats with acute myocardial infarction (2015)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-01
    Description: Objective : We previously reported that S-propargyl-cysteine (SPRC) exerts cardioprotective effects by elevating H 2 S levels via the CSE/H 2 S pathway. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects and pharmacokinetic properties of a controlled release formulation of S-propargyl-cysteine (CR-SPRC) in an in vivo ratmodel of myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to seven groups that were pre-treated with CR-SPRC daily for 7 days prior to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery to induce MI. Cardiac function and infarct size were determined after MI, and we examined the activity of antioxidant enzymes, expression of anti-inflammation proteins, and hydrogen sulfide levels. Mixed-mode, reversed-phase and cation-exchange HPLC–MS/MS were used to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of CR-SPRC and SPRC. Results :CR-SPRC significantly reduced infarct size and CK and LDH leakage, and it preserved cardiac function during MI. CR-SPRC displayed antioxidant properties, preserving GSH, CAT and SOD levels while reducing MDA levels. Moreover, CR-SPRC significantly reduced the protein levels of inflammatory biomarkers (phospho-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65, TNF-α) and increased cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and Iκ-Bα protein levels. CR-SPRC had better pharmacokinetic properties than SPRC, with a reduced concentration peak (C max ), prolonged time to reach peak concentration (T max ), prolonged mean residence time (MRT inf ) and increased AUC 0- t . Conclusions : CR-SPRC showed protective effects against MI via the CSE/H 2 S pathway and demonstrated better cardioprotective effects than SPRC by prolonging the release of endogenous H 2 S.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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  • 2
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    Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales (2016)
    Springer Nature
    In: Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Mobile genes in the human microbiome are structured from global to individual scales Nature 535, 7612 (2016). doi:10.1038/nature18927 Authors: I. L. Brito, S. Yilmaz, K. Huang, L. Xu, S. D. Jupiter, A. P. Jenkins, W. Naisilisili, M. Tamminen, C. S. Smillie, J. R. Wortman, B. W. Birren, R. J. Xavier, P. C. Blainey, A. K. Singh, D. Gevers & E. J. Alm Recent work has underscored the importance of the microbiome in human health, and has largely attributed differences in phenotype to differences in the species present among individuals. However, mobile genes can confer profoundly different phenotypes on different strains of the same species. Little is known about the function and distribution of mobile genes in the human microbiome, and in particular whether the gene pool is globally homogenous or constrained by human population structure. Here, we investigate this question by comparing the mobile genes found in the microbiomes of 81 metropolitan North Americans with those of 172 agrarian Fiji islanders using a combination of single-cell genomics and metagenomics. We find large differences in mobile gene content between the Fijian and North American microbiomes, with functional variation that mirrors known dietary differences such as the excess of plant-based starch degradation genes found in Fijian individuals. Notably, we also observed differences between the mobile gene pools of neighbouring Fijian villages, even though microbiome composition across villages is similar. Finally, we observe high rates of recombination leading to individual-specific mobile elements, suggesting that the abundance of some genes may reflect environmental selection rather than dispersal limitation. Together, these data support the hypothesis that human activities and behaviours provide selective pressures that shape mobile gene pools, and that acquisition of mobile genes is important for colonizing specific human populations.
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
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    Diagnostic model of saliva peptide finger print analysis of oral squamous cell carcinoma patients using weak cation exchange magnetic beads (2015)
    Portland Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-05-13
    Description: Saliva diagnostics utilizing nanotechnology and molecular technologies to detect oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has become an attractive field of study. However, no specific methods have been established. To refine the diagnostic power of saliva peptide fingerprints for the early detection of OSCC, we screened the expression spectrum of salivary peptides in 40 T1 stage OSCC patients (and healthy controls) using mass spectrometry matrix-assisted laser-desorption ionization time-of-flight MS (MALDI-TOF-MS) combined with magnetic beads. Fifty proteins showed significantly different expression levels in the OSCC samples (P 〈 0.05). Potential biomarkers were also predicted. The novel diagnostic proteomic model with m/z peaks of 1285.6 Da and 1432.2 Da is of certain value for early diagnosis of OSCC.
    Print ISSN: 0144-8463
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4935
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Portland Press
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  • 4
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    Teosinte ligule allele narrows plant architecture and enhances high-density maize yields (2019)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Increased planting densities have boosted maize yields. Upright plant architecture facilitates dense planting. Here, we cloned 〈i〉UPA1〈/i〉 (〈i〉Upright Plant Architecture1〈/i〉) and 〈i〉UPA2〈/i〉, two quantitative trait loci conferring upright plant architecture. 〈i〉UPA2〈/i〉 is controlled by a two-base sequence polymorphism regulating the expression of a B3-domain transcription factor (〈i〉ZmRAVL1〈/i〉) located 9.5 kilobases downstream. 〈i〉UPA2〈/i〉 exhibits differential binding by DRL1 (DROOPING LEAF1), and DRL1 physically interacts with LG1 (LIGULELESS1) and represses LG1 activation of 〈i〉ZmRAVL1〈/i〉. 〈i〉ZmRAVL1〈/i〉 regulates 〈i〉brd1〈/i〉 (〈i〉brassinosteroid C-6 oxidase1〈/i〉), which underlies 〈i〉UPA1〈/i〉, altering endogenous brassinosteroid content and leaf angle. The 〈i〉UPA2〈/i〉 allele that reduces leaf angle originated from teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize, and has been lost during maize domestication. Introgressing the wild 〈i〉UPA2〈/i〉 allele into modern hybrids and editing 〈i〉ZmRAVL1〈/i〉 enhance high-density maize yields.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Single Crystal to Single Crystal Polymerization of a Self-Assembled Diacetylene Macrocycle Affords Columnar Polydiacetylenes (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-01
    Description: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/cg401380a
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 6
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    Crystal Growth Due to Recrystallization upon Annealing Rapid Solidification Microstructures of Deeply Undercooled Single Phase Alloys Quenched before Recalescence (2014)
    American Chemical Society (ACS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-16
    Description: Crystal Growth & Design DOI: 10.1021/cg500176t
    Print ISSN: 1528-7483
    Electronic ISSN: 1528-7505
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by American Chemical Society (ACS)
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  • 7
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    Differential use of CREB binding protein-coactivator complexes (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: CREB binding protein (CBP) functions as an essential coactivator of transcription factors that are inhibited by the adenovirus early gene product E1A. Transcriptional activation by the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1) protein requires the C/H3 domain in CBP, which is the primary target of E1A inhibition. Here it was found that the C/H3 domain is not required for retinoic acid receptor (RAR) function, nor is it involved in E1A inhibition. Instead, E1A inhibits RAR function by preventing the assembly of CBP-nuclear receptor coactivator complexes, revealing differences in required CBP domains for transcriptional activation by RAR and STAT1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kurokawa, R -- Kalafus, D -- Ogliastro, M H -- Kioussi, C -- Xu, L -- Torchia, J -- Rosenfeld, M G -- Glass, C K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):700-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0651, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445474" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenovirus E1A Proteins/*metabolism/pharmacology ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; CREB-Binding Protein ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 1 ; Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 3 ; Protein Binding ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; STAT1 Transcription Factor ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Tretinoin/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Direct synthesis of long single-walled carbon nanotube strands (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-05-04
    Description: In the processes that are used to produce single-walled nanotubes (electric arc, laser ablation, and chemical vapor deposition), the typical lengths of tangled nanotube bundles reach several tens of micrometers. We report that long nanotube strands, up to several centimeters in length, consisting of aligned single-walled nanotubes can be synthesized by the catalytic pyrolysis of n-hexane with an enhanced vertical floating technique. The long strands of nanotubes assemble continuously from arrays of nanotubes, which are intrinsically long.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhu, H W -- Xu, C L -- Wu, D H -- Wei, B Q -- Vajtai, R -- Ajayan, P M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):884-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11988567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Dnmt3L and the establishment of maternal genomic imprints (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-24
    Description: Complementary sets of genes are epigenetically silenced in male and female gametes in a process termed genomic imprinting. The Dnmt3L gene is expressed during gametogenesis at stages where genomic imprints are established. Targeted disruption of Dnmt3L caused azoospermia in homozygous males, and heterozygous progeny of homozygous females died before midgestation. Bisulfite genomic sequencing of DNA from oocytes and embryos showed that removal of Dnmt3L prevented methylation of sequences that are normally maternally methylated. The defect was specific to imprinted regions, and global genome methylation levels were not affected. Lack of maternal methylation imprints in heterozygous embryos derived from homozygous mutant oocytes caused biallelic expression of genes that are normally expressed only from the allele of paternal origin. The key catalytic motifs characteristic of DNA cytosine methyltransferases have been lost from Dnmt3L, and the protein is more likely to act as a regulator of imprint establishment than as a DNA methyltransferase.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bourc'his, D -- Xu, G L -- Lin, C S -- Bollman, B -- Bestor, T H -- GM59377/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD37687/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2536-9. Epub 2001 Nov 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Development, Transgenic Animal Facility, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11719692" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Autoantigens/genetics ; Catalytic Domain ; Crosses, Genetic ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase/chemistry/genetics/*physiology ; *DNA Methylation ; Embryo, Mammalian/cytology/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Gene Targeting ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Heterozygote ; Homozygote ; Male ; Mice ; Mutation ; Oocytes/*metabolism ; Oogenesis ; Phenotype ; *Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear ; Stem Cells ; Testis/metabolism ; snRNP Core Proteins
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Distinct cellular interactions of secreted and transmembrane Ebola virus glycoproteins (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-03-07
    Description: The mechanisms by which Ebola virus evades detection and infects cells to cause hemorrhagic fever have not been defined, though its glycoprotein, synthesized in either a secreted or transmembrane form, is likely involved. Here the secreted glycoprotein was found to interact with neutrophils through CD16b, the neutrophil-specific form of the Fc gamma receptor III, whereas the transmembrane glycoprotein was found to interact with endothelial cells but not neutrophils. A murine retroviral vector pseudotyped with the transmembrane glycoprotein preferentially infected endothelial cells. Thus, the secreted glycoprotein inhibits early neutrophil activation, which likely affects the host response to infection, whereas binding of the transmembrane glycoprotein to endothelial cells may contribute to the hemorrhagic symptoms of this disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yang, Z -- Delgado, R -- Xu, L -- Todd, R F -- Nabel, E G -- Sanchez, A -- Nabel, G J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 13;279(5353):1034-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9461435" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line ; Ebolavirus/genetics/metabolism/*pathogenicity/physiology ; Endothelium, Vascular/cytology/*metabolism/virology ; Genes, Viral ; Genetic Vectors ; Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism/secretion ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology ; Humans ; L-Selectin/metabolism ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Moloney murine leukemia virus/genetics/physiology ; Neutrophil Activation ; Neutrophils/immunology/*metabolism ; Receptors, IgG/metabolism ; Transfection ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Viral Matrix Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism/secretion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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