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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of elevated winter temperature and sub-lethal pollutants (low pH, elevated ammonia) on protein turnover in the gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 19 (1998), S. 377-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss ; growth ; protein synthesis ; protein degradation ; RNA ; temperature ; pH ; ammonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Appetite, growth, and protein turnover (synthesis, growth and degradation) of liver and gills were measured in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed to satiation, and exposed for 90 days to elevated winter temperatures (+2 °C above ambient) and either low pH (5.2) in softwater or 70 μM total ammonia (TAmm) in hardwater. All fish increased in weight during the experiments, but those exposed to +2°C grew significantly more than those at ambient temperature due to a stimulation of appetite. During the relatively constant temperature of the first 75 days, +2 °C caused a significant increase in the rates of protein synthesis and degradation in the liver of hardwater-acclimated fish, as a result of an increase in RNA translational efficiency (KRNA). The elevated temperature also induced an increase in gill protein synthesis in softwater-acclimated fish but in this case the underlying mechanism was an increase in Cs, the capacity for protein synthesis (RNA:protein) rather than in KRNA. The addition of 70 μM TAmm had no effect on protein turnover in either liver or gills of hardwater-acclimated fish. Low pH inhibited protein growth in the liver of softwater-acclimated fish at day 90 under both temperature regimes. This inhibition was effected via a decrease in protein synthesis at control temperature but via an increase in protein degradation when the fish were exposed to both low pH and +2 °C. From these results we conclude that a simulated global warming scenario has potentially beneficial rather than detrimental effects on protein turnover and growth of freshwater fish during winter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007748213387
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reabsorption of urea by the kidney of the freshwater rainbow trout (1998)
    Springer
    Fish physiology and biochemistry 18 (1998), S. 375-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Keywords: kidney ; renal function ; curine composition ; plasma composition ; urea transport ; glomerular filtration ; reabsorption rates ; rainbow trout ; Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In light of recent evidence that carrier-mediated transport of urea occurs in the mammalian kidney, this study examined the renal handling of urea in freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Fish were fitted with indwelling arterial and urinary bladder catheters for the measurement of plasma and urine composition (urea, Na+, Cl-, glucose, H2O), glomerular filtration rate ([3H]PEG-4000), and urine flow rate, thereby allowing quantification of tubular reabsorption rates. The fractional reabsorption of urea (72%) was greater than that of H2O (50%) but less than that of Na+, Cl-, or glucose (95–100%) and occurred against an apparent concentration gradient, suggesting active reabsorptive transport; [urea] in the urine was only 59% of that in blood plasma. When fish were infused with exogenous urea loads, these patterns remained largely unchanged, and urea reabsorption increased in direct proportion to the filtered urea load. There was no evidence for saturation of the reabsorptive transport mechanism at urea filtration rates up to 4-fold above the normal range, representing urea loading rates that proved toxic. Extra-renal excretion, presumably through the gills, increased markedly, almost keeping pace with urea loading. This evidence suggests that carrier-mediated reabsorptive transport of urea occurs in the kidney and that plasma urea levels are normally subject to tight homeostatic control in freshwater trout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007722318812
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