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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in the neonate size of Daphnia pulex: the effects of predator exposure and clonal origin (1998)
    Springer
    Aquatic ecology 32 (1998), S. 203-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5125
    Keywords: Chaoborus ; clones ; Daphnia ; life history ; ponds ; predation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Daphnia pulex clones originating from twelve small pond habitats were exposed to chemical cues from a size-selective predator, larvae of the phantom midge Chaoborus. Exposure delayed the onset of reproduction and increased the size at first reproduction. On the other hand, the neonates produced by these larger mothers were slightly smaller than the neonates produced by the smaller control mothers. In cladocerans, neonate size is usually positively correlated to the size of the mother. Thus exposure to Chaoborus kairomone apparently had direct effects on neonate size counterbalancing the maternal effects. Daphnia clones collected from Chaoborus-free and Chaoborus-rich environments exhibited different responses. In first adult instar, the clones from Chaoborus inhabited environments increased their offspring size under Chaoborus exposure whereas clones from Chaoborus-free environments did not. This may reflect clonal adaptation to the predation prehistory of their original habitat since larger neonates more quickly reach a size protected from the predator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009978527633
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specificity of predator-induced neck spine and alteration in life history traits in Daphnia pulex (1994)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 294 (1994), S. 129-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: induced defence ; Daphnia pulex ; invertebrate predators ; life history ; cost of defence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract It has been proposed that the predator-induced defensive neck spine in Daphnia pulex has a demographic cost. Our results show that this cost is not merely an allocation cost related to the formation and maintenance of the neck spine. In a life table experiment, we tested whether spine induction and life history traits in D. pulex are affected by different invertebrate predators: first and third instar Chaoborus, fourth instar Mochlonyx and two size classes of Notonecta and Dytiscus larvae. D. pulex showed sensitivity to the different predators. Predator-exposure affected one or more of the following life history traits of D. pulex: the timing of first reproduction, clutch size, and growth. In some cases, exposure to predators altered life history traits when neck spine induction did not occur. These shifts in life history traits occurring in the absence of spine induction may be caused by behavioral or physiological changes triggered by the predators.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00016853
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