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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lead tolerance of Betula and Salix in the mining area of Mechernich/Germany (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 131 (1991), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Betula ; calcium effect ; lead ; lead tolerance ; lead-tolerant ecotype ; phosphate nutrition ; Salix
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Natural populations of woody perennials on lead-mining sites in the Mechernich area of the Eifel Mountains were investigated with respect to soil factors determining the degree and type of heavy metal tolerance. Salix caprea L. (Goat Willow) grew on soils with up to 17000 mg kg−1 total lead (ca. 4000 mg kg−1 ammonium acetate-exchangeable Pb). Betula pendula Roth (Silver Birch) was found on soils containing as much as 29000 mg kg−1 total lead (7000 mg kg−1 ammonium acetate-exchangeable Pb). Other woody perennials, with the exception of the dwarf shrub Calluna vulgaris, were not found in the contaminated area even though they did occur in the immediate vicinity. The two lead-tolerant tree species did not form mixed populations. Because of a significantly lower Pb/Ca ratio in Salix soils (2.2) compared with Betula soils (7.4), a calcium-dependent mechanism of lead tolerance is suggested for Salix, but not for Betula. The Betula population could be divided into two groups, each showing a highly significant correlation between root-lead content and exchangeable lead amounts in the soil, but with different levels of lead uptake. The only soil factor distinguishing the two groups was found to be the level of soluble phosphate. A distinctly low level of soil phosphate correlated with a high lead concentration in roots of the one group (30000 mg Pb kg−1 DW), whereas high phosphate amounts corresponded with a much lower lead concentration in roots of the other (12000 mg Pb kg−1 DW−1). Since the correlation between lead in the soil and in plants was similar for the two groups, it is concluded that the type of lead tolerance in Betula is determined by the status of plant phosphate nutrition, rather than by simple phosphate precipitation in the soil. A comparison of growth between different populations of Betula seedlings on homogenized soils from the mining area revealed the Mechaernich population to be a distinct ecotype with respect to lead tolerance. The control population obtained from a non-contaminated area exhibited a lower degree of lead tolerance coupled with a two-step strategy of adaptation to lead.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009459
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal tolerance in Festuca ovina L. from contaminated sites in the Eifel Mountains, Germany (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 239-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Festuca ovina ; lead tolerance ; lead-zinc interactions ; Pb/Ca ratio ; root elongation ; zinc tolerance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Extremely high degrees of lead tolerance, measured by comparing rates of root extension in culture solutions, are reported from populations of Festuca ovina growing at two lead-mining sites (Westschacht and Keldenich-II) near Mechernich in the Eifel Mountains, Germany. Other populations from nearby heavy metal-contaminated areas show a considerably smaller degree of lead tolerance. Samples of Festuca ovina collected in the field at Westschacht and Keldenich-II contain higher levels of lead in their aerial organs than do those from other lead-contaminated sites. The main soil factor determining the high degree of lead tolerance is the high Pb/Ca ratio. Populations from soils with a low Pb/Ca ratio display a very low degree of tolerance. It is therefore concluded that in Westschacht and Keldenich-II plants, a genuine intracellular tolerance mechanism is present, allowing the accumulation of lead in aerial organs. Leaf samples of zinc-tolerant Festuca contain higher levels of zinc than do samples of non-tolerant plants. Lead and zinc amounts in leaves are correlated with the soil ratios of Pb/Ca and Zn/Ca, respectively, rather than with the absolute soil-metal levels. In a slightly lead-tolerant, but highly zinc-tolerant clone of Festuca ovina from a site contaminated with large amounts of lead and zinc (Plombières), lead was found to be the major factor affecting the inhibition of root extension with combined treatments of lead and zinc in culture solutions. In the highly lead-tolerant, zinc-sensitive population from Westschacht, zinc governs the response of root growth to combinations of the two metals. The results are discussed in terms of discriminating distinct types of heavy-metal tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00007879
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