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  • Survival  (9)
  • Temperature  (9)
  • 1
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    A Survey on the effects of the Cochlodinium.sp bloom on the survival of the Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Red tide event a product of micro algae abundance has elevated in last few years. Loss of aquatic life due to HAB, and its effect on human health, has caused tremendous damage in the world. In this research the effect of (1, 2, 3, 9, and 30) ×10^3 Cells ml^-1 densities of Cochlodinium polykrikoides on survival and histopathological effect on hepatopancreas and gills of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae (PLs) and juvenile stages has been investigated. Results showed 100% survival with (1, 2, and 3) ×10^3 Cells ml-1 densities but accumulative mortality in 9×10^3 Cells ml^-1 density were 1.33% and 2.22%, in PLs and juvenile stages respectively, and there is no significant difference between control and treatment groups. accumulative mortality in 3×10^4 Cells ml^-1 density was 4.44% and 17.8% in PLs and juveniles respectively which have significant different with control groups. According to histopathological investigation in this density the infiltration of blood cells in connective tissue of hepatopancreatic tubules and gills lamellae of PLs and juvenile stages were low but high in 3×10^4 Cells ml^-1. The intensity of infiltration in juvenile stages was higher than PLs, which indicate incensement of hepatopancreatic and gills blood cells in higher densities of this phytoplankton. The end result of the study indicates that in high densities of C. polykrikoides survival rate in PLs and juveniles decreased and according to histopathological study the most important possible factor in shrimp mortality when exposure to C. polykrikoides was settlement of phytoplankton on gills lamellae and preventing oxygen exchange of shrimp.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Cochlodinium polykrikoides ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Bloom ; Histopathological ; Survival ; Investigation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 78pp.
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  • 2
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    Epidemiological study on some environmental and management parameters affecting on WSD occurrence in Fenneropenaeus indicus and Penaeus vannamei (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the first time white spot disease (WSD) was reported in shrimp farms of khoozestan province, in southwest of IRAN in 2002. Then in 2005 the neighbor province, boushehr, was contaminated. In 2008 WSD outbreak reported in sistan-bloochestan province in southeast of Iran. In 2015 all of southern shrimp farms of country except Hormozgan, the middle southern province, which has remained free of WSD, are being contaminated. White Spot disease suspended shrimp culture in thousands hectares of shrimp farms. Considering that white spot disease has not been observed in Hormozgan province yet, the question is; to what extent environmental and management factors participated in preventing WSD outbreak or cause WSD outbreak. In this study (20102012), the effects of environmental factors and management, stressors that decrease immune system function of shrimp are discussed. In addition, the role of pathogen as the main factor of outbreak is discussed. The goal of this study is to define environmental parameters and management practices associates with outbreak of white spot disease in affected provinces and discover reasons of being Hormozgan province free of this disease. In this study the role of the local environmental factors and management practice stressors in susceptibility to WSD was determine. Both the effects of environmental factors in water of ponds including total ammonia, nitrogen, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, transparency, and temperature and management issues related to biosecurity are studied. There were overlaps on physical and chemical parameter values obtained in clear areas with contaminated areas .Results of the data analysis suggest that lack of association with WSD incidence was 7 times greater than WSD incidence despite of disease outbreak in sistan-bloochestan province, so other sources of white spot disease virus incidence was suspected in affected areas. Histopathological examinations and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests during project performance did not reveal white spot disease virus evidences in post larvae examined from khoozestan province stocked in farms but disease outbreak was happened in that farms , so we suspected to management practice include feed , pond preparation and carrier of disease . Recorded values of temperature and salinity in some months during inspection in Hormozgan province specified stressful condition that may lead to WSD outbreak, however the disease did not appear. Therefore the hypothesis that the water physical and chemical conditions are reasons to prevent disease outbreak in Hormozgan province is being rejected. The policy of Hormozgan’s fishery authorities, to replaced Fenneropenaeus indicus with specific pathogen free Litopenaeus vannamei, that is more resistant to some of diseases, before incidence of WSD in farms and to before being endemic in the Hormozgan province, made an advantage compare to affected southern provinces that introduced Litopenaeus vannamei after WSD prevalence to their farms. However it does not guarantee to maintain current trend of being Hormozgan province farms free of white spot disease. Therefore establishing the principals of biosecurity are strongly emphasized. Strategies taken by the proficient authorities in preparation of SPF shrimp broodstock can be the most important factor in preventing WSD. Regarding biosecurity principals purchased feed must be free of shrimp head powder. Construction the new shrimp farms should be as far as it could be away from contaminated areas.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Environmental ; Physical ; Chemical ; Epidemiological study ; WSD ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Penaeus vannamei ; Shrimp ; White Spot Disease ; Temperature ; Salinity ; PCR ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Ammonia ; Nitrogen ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Transparency
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 468pp.
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  • 3
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    Effects of temperature on hematological and histopathological changes and survival rate of juvenile Fenneropenaeus vannamei experimentally challenged to White Spot Virus (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Many shrimp farmers were suffering from White Spot Disease (WSD) onset in last decades. Oscillation of environmental factors could lead mortality in susceptible hosts. Our study was aimed to investigate the effect of different temperatures on juvenile Fenneropenaeus vannamei experimentally exposed to White Spot Virus (WSV). Five hundred and forty juveniles were distributed among 3 treatments in triplicates, 22, 25 and 30°C and experimentally WSV were injected in the shrimps. Our results showed mortality started at 36 h post inoculation (hpi) in the treatment at 25°C (T25), meanwhile the mean value of mortality percent at 54 hpi in T25 (71.10±17.35) showed the significant difference (p=.045) with T22 (3.33±3.33) and T30 (Not Observed, NO.). Our results suggest that in site selection, in primary stage of farm designing, water temperature at more than 29°C, should be considered as key environmental factor. This finding can lead us that why the White Spot Disease occurred with high mortality in some area when the days of shrimp culture were prolonged until mid autumn.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Biology ; Physiology ; Shrimp culture ; White Spot Syndrom Virus ; Temperature ; Fenneropenaeus vannamei ; Challenge ; Juvenile ; Temperature ; Hematological ; Histopathological ; Survival rate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.91-102
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  • 4
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    Effects of different dietary levels of AFB1 on survival rate and growth factors of Beluga (Huso huso) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the present study, the impacts of various concentrations of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on Beluga, Huso huso, under controlled conditions were investigated. Belugas (120±10g) were fed on diets containing 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppb AFB1/kg of diet for 3 months. Results showed various levels of AFB1 do not significantly affect the specific growth ratio (SGR) (P〈0.05) of fish in different treatments. However, weight gain and food conversion ratio (FCR) were varied significantly (P〈0.05 between control and treatments with diets contaminated with 75 and 100ppb AFB1/kg after 90 days). The increase AFB1 level of did not affect on the percent of survival rate(SR) and no mortality was observed in treatments (SR=100%) suggesting that various AFB1 levels under experimental conditions of the present study affect some growth factors, such as, weight gain and FCR but have no significant impact on SR and SGR. Histopathological studies showed that different level of AFB1 can cause broad range of change in liver tissue, including progressive fat deposition, hepatocyte degeneration and necrosis, particularly at concentration of 75 and 100ppb AFB1/kg of diets after 60 days.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Beluga ; Huso huso ; AFB1 ; FCR ; SGR ; SR ; Pathology ; Liver ; Growth ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.141-150
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  • 5
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    A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis in rainbow trout farms in east of Mazandaran province (Haraz River) (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: One of the most important bacterial fish diseases which has caused some outbreaks in rainbow trout farms in Iran is streptococcusis .The farmers were suffering from huge economic losses due to the disease outbreaks in different rainbow trout farms in Iran. The aim of our study was to determine rate of streptococcusis incidence in different stage of growth in farmed rainbow trout in Haraze River, Mazandaran province. Fish and water samples were randomly collected and measured of randomly in10 selected farms, monthly throughout a year. After clinical observations, Isolation and recognition of strep strains were made using biochemical tests. Some Environmental factors include Nitrate, Nitrite, Temperature, pH, Ammonia and DO measured during sampling periods. According to our results 4.6% of juvenile samples showed clinical singe of streptococcusis while only0.7% of them had strep. Contamination .These rates in adult samples were 8.9 and 1 percent respectively. Major isolated bacterial strain was Streptococcus uberis . Incidence of streptococcusis in rainbow trout 20% affected by fluctuation of Nitrite, temperature and DO. Management of these factors can decrease rate of disease outbreaks.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Clinical ; Environmental ; Streptococcusis ; Incidence ; Rainbow trout ; Environmental factors ; Survey ; Bacterial ; Diseases ; Samples ; Temperature ; pH ; Ammonia ; Juvenile
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 64pp.
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  • 6
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    A survey on some risk factors and evaluation of their impacts on streptococcosis incidence in rainbow trout farms in west of Mazandaran province (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: This study aimed to investigate the effects of 5- parameter dissolved oxygen, PH, nitrite, nitrate and temperature of the water on Streptococcosis incidence in two groups of fry and grower fish. Research was performed at west Mazandaran province -Tonkabon region in 12 rainbow trout selected farms. Research conducted in 3 farms with well source water , 8 farms with water source of the river of Dohezar and one farm with water source of the river of Azarood, during 12 consecutive months.From 1390/04/01 to 1391/04/01, once time each month , and in each time 10 fish randomly sampled, inlet water were sampled simultaneously. Of 1350 sampled fish 607 fish with an average weight 22.04 gr , average length 12.59 cm were in fry category and 743 fish with an average weight 156.25 gr, average length 23.32 cm in were grower category. Streptococcosis observed only in grower category. Of 72 fish with clinical signs of the disease, 14 numbers were positive Streptococcosis (19.44%) and 58 numbers were negative Streptococcosis(80.55%). Three fish from grower category has not any clinical signs of disease and seemed to be healthy but were positive Streptococcosis in examinations (0.22% of total fish sampled. Fish with clinical signs of the disease but negative Streptococcosis were of at least 55.1 gr and at most weight 417 gr respectively. The results showed that 47.07% cases of Streptococcosis happened at 15.6 °C water temperature, 35.29% at 16.98 °C and 17.64% cases happened at 18.04 °C so that 100% of Streptococcosis cases was observed at the average temperature of 16.99 °C. In addition, the survey results show that despite relatively high levels of nitrite in source water of farms from wells, nitrite does not effect on the disease incidence. It seems that an optimal level of dissolved oxygen in water is effective in reducing the effectiveness of nitrite in this disease. According to equation coefficients logit model is as follows: According to Logit model, it seems that for every degree change in temperature and pH of water, morbidity change will diminish 0.37 % and 1.74 % respectively. 80.56% of fish sampled that had the clinical symptoms, was ranging from an average weight of 5.1 gr (fry) and 417 gr (grower fish), that despite having clinical signs of the disease were negative Streptococcosis. Isolation of Staphylococcus bacteria as well as Gram-negative bacilli from fish with clinical symptoms similar to the symptoms of Streptococcosis, may indicate the involvement of other pathogens in fish clinical signs.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Streptococcusis ; Risk factors ; Cold water fish ; Survey ; Rainbow trout ; Dissolved oxygen ; pH ; Nitrite ; Clinical signs ; Temperature ; Pathogen
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 60pp.
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  • 7
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    The survey on growth and survival larvae of different generation of Litopenaeus vannameiu (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In the present Shrimp industry Has become a huge industry . The shrimp culture in Bushehr province began with Penaeus semisulcatus and Fenneropenaeus indicus and with introducing Litopenaeus vannamei in Iran Was known as a culture species.The shrimp production rate in IRAN is about 23000 metric ton. Outbreak of Various diseases and Biosecurity are most important things to produce Specific Patogen Free(SPF) shrimp.In this regard, production of SPF shrimp is The main requirements of shrimp industry.The survey on growth and srvival larve of different generation of Litopenaeus vannamei project was carried out in 2013 and 2014.Broodstock selecting ,propagation, culture and shrimp generation Was performed in 2012 until 2014.In 2014 we produced 4300 pieces of prebroodstock with 22.38 gram and 86 percent survival rate after 120 days of culture.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Litopenaeus vannmei ; Specific Patogen Free ; SPF ; Cultue ; Shrimp culture ; Penaeus semisulcatus ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Survey ; Growth ; Survival ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 40pp.
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  • 8
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    Role of aflatoxin B1 on hematological factors, histopathological changes, tissue residual, growth and survival rate of Fenneropenaeus indicus (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Role of aflatoxin B1 on hematological indexes, histopathological changes, tissue residual, growth and survival rate of Fenneropenaeus indicus Some similar cases of aflatoxin chronic poisoning were reported from cultured shrimps in Iran. In this study, Indian white shrimp, Fenneropenaeus indicus, with a weight of 11.79 ± 1.76 grams were fed with diets containing 0, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 ppb levels of AFB1 for 8 weeks. Growth performances, survival rate, residue in muscles and cephalothorax, hematological and histopathological changes were determined after 4 and 8 weeks. The results showed that after 8 week of feeding shrimps with values of 20, 50 and 100 ppb aflatoxin B1, did not affect the growth rate, but with increased levels of Aflatoxin B1 in feed, the growth is reduced and the correlation (r) minus the final weight equal to - 0.312. After eight weeks doses of AFB1 in the diets showed negative correlation to the survival rate, total haemocyte count (THC), total plasma protein (TPP) equal to -0.603, -0.237 and -0.649 respectively. Histopathological changes were variety necrosis, degeneration and atrophy of epithelial and secretory cells lining the tubules, infiltration of fibroblasts in the walls of hepatopancreas tubules, separated muscle bundles in Muscle tissues and intestinal mucosal necrosis and detachment. Possible amelioration was examined by feeding control and treated shrimp (after eight weeks exposure to AFB1) by dietary without AFB1 for four weeks. The Recovery was observed in all parameters of 20, 50, 100 and 200 ppb AFB1 treatments but shrimps fed with the 1600 ppb and 800 ppb concentrations of AFB1 exhibited slower growth, more reddish discoloration disseminated over the body and lack of consistency in the hepatopancreas at 4th week recovery period. After eight weeks, the highest level of aflatoxin B1 residues in shrimp muscles was observed in 100 ppb treatment that its value was 1.55 ppb, but the highest level of aflatoxin B1 residues in cephalothorax was observed in 1600 ppb treatment that its value was 7.1 ppb. In terms of public health, these amounts of aflatoxin in shrimp body are less than permissible limit for human consumption.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Histopathological ; Fungus ; Mycotoxin ; Shrimp ; Fenneropenaeus indicus ; Tissue ; Survival
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 88pp.
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  • 9
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    The effects of brown algae Sargassum angustifolium extract on growth performance, survival and Vibriosis resistance in shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this study, the effect of ethanolic extracts of Sargassum angustifolium on growth and survival of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei juvenile was investigated under challenge with shrimp pathogen bacteria Vibrio harveyi. Powder form of the extract was bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to L. vannamei juvenile reared as 5 groups inclouding C- (unenriched Artemia, without bacteria), C+ (unenriched Artemia, with bacteria), T1 (enriched Artemia with 200 mg l-1 SA extract, with bacteria), T2 (enriched Artemia with 400 mg l-1 SA extract, with bacteria), T3 (enriched Artemia with 600 mg l-1 SA extract, with bacteria). One week after culture all groups except C- were inoculated with V. harveyi at the rate of 1.5 × 108 CFU ml-1 for 15 minutes then after every water exchange 10 ml of V. harveyi at the rate of 1.5 × 107 CFU ml-1 was added to aquaria. Shrimps at group C- showed maximum survival (86.6%), specific growth rate (SGR, 11.33%) and less bacterial load (0.5 ± 0.03× 102 CFU g-1 tissue). While (C2) exhibited lowest survival (33.3%), SGR (9.90%) and more bacterial load (3.4 ± 0.05× 105 CFU g-1 tissue) and the difference was significant (p〈0.05). In treatment groups survival and SGR were significantly (p〈0.05) more than C+ and less than C-, also bacterial load were less than C+ and more than C-. Among treatment groups T2 that fed with enriched artemia with 400 mg l-1 SA extract gave better results than the other treatments
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Sargassum angustifolium ; Ethanolic Extract ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Vibrio harveyi ; Shrimp ; Growth ; Survival ; Algae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.31-41
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  • 10
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    Study of growth, survival rate and final harvesting of Litopenaeus vannamei impact of 25, 35 and 50 (per/m2) stocking densities (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: For the first time in research program and species diversity the white legged shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was introduced in Iran in 2005 by Iranian Fisheries Research Organization. In two recent years two projects was carried out successfully in Hele Research Station and according of these projects study of growth, survival rate and final harvesting of Litopenaeus vannamei impact of 25, 35 and 50 (per/m2) stocking densities was done .Nine 0.4 ha earthen ponds were stocked from 26 June 2006 to 11 November 2006 and the rate of stocking was 100000,140000 and 200000 Pl in 25, 35 and 50 per /m2 respectively. We also carried out daily test of pH, temperature and dissolve oxygen two times per day but transparency, depth and salinity one time per day. The mean weight in 120 days was 17/84±2/6, 16/03±1/9 and14/09±2/3 grams in 25, 35 and 50 per /m2 respectively and highest weight was seen in 25 density. Results demonstrated that there was a significant relation (P〈0.05) between mean weight. The yield were 1745, 2055 and 2425 kg/pond although 4/3, 5/1 and 6 ton/ha in 25, 35 and 50 per /m3 respectively. The maximum and minimum survival rate 97/96 and 88/46 was seen in 25 and 50 per/m2. The minimum FCR 1.43 was seen in 25 per /m2. For economical calculating just by using the cost of larva and feeding indicates that the highest benefit percentage was seen in 25 density. The average of salinity, pH, temperature and dissolve oxygen were 36.1-37 ppt, 8.1, 30.2-30.6 degrees centigrade and 5.9- 6.4 mg/l.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Litopenaeus vannamei ; Density ; Mean Weight ; Species ; Diversity ; Shrimp ; Growth ; Survival rate ; pH ; Temperature ; Dissolved oxygen ; Transparency ; Salinity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 29pp.
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