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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of radiation-sterilized polymers. I. Estimation of oxidative degradation in polymers by chemiluminescence (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 3339-3346 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In relation to sterilization of medical supplies, the degree of degradation by γ-ray and electron beam irradiations of homopolypropylene (HP), copolypropylene (CP, coplymer including 6% of ethylene unit) and polymethylpentene were compared, and chemiluminescence (CL) of irradiated polymers were measured. HP degraded extremely around the sterilization dose (2.5 Mrad) by either γ-ray or electron beam irradiations. In the case of CP and polymethylpentene, stabilities of polymers far differed between γ-ray and electron beam irradiations. The polymethylpentene was more stable than the polypropylenes against irradiation. The counts of CL emitted by recombination of peroxy radical (ROO ·) increased with increasing dose, reflecting degrees of oxidation of polymers. The degradation of polymers was independent of irradiation sources, rather it depended on the degree of oxidation. It was found that CL analysis are favorable for estimation of degradation in irradiated polymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1985.070300816
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photocrosslinking reactions of polyfunctional monomers with vinyl ether or propargyl ether groups (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 44 (1992), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Photocrosslinking reactions of di(2-vinyloxy)ethyl ether of bisphenol-A (BPAEVE), dipropargyl ether of bisphenol-A (BPAPE), and diglycidy ether of bisphenol-A (BPAGE) were carried out using various cationic photoinitiators in 1,2-dichloroethane. The reaction of BPAEVE occurred with high conversion to give the gel products, and the reaction rate of BPAEVE was higher than that of BPAGE. While, the photocrosslinking reaction of BPAPE did not take place under the same conditions.Photoinitiated Michael addition reactions of BPAEVE, BPAPE, and other dipropargyl ethers or ester with pentaerythritol (2-tetramercapto)propionate (PETMP) also proceeded very smoothly to give the gel products by using benzophenone as a photosensitizer in THF. Although the rate of addition reaction of BPAEVE was strongly influenced by the photosensitizer concentration, the addition reaction of BPAEVE with PETMP propagated effectively to give the gel products even without the presence of photosensitizer when irradiated with UV light in THF or toluene solution.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070440110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durability of radiation-sterilized polymers III. Oxidation layer determined by chemiluminescence (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 31 (1986), S. 1343-1350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Chemiluminescence (CL) analysis was used for determining the oxidation layer formed by the irradiation of polypropylene for medical supplies. The depth of the oxidation layer from the surface depended on dose rate and increased with decreasing dose rate. The oxidation occurred remarkably at a region near the surface area of the film where the diffusion of oxygen is more sufficient. On the contrary, there was very little oxidation in the interior portion. The oxidation layers of polypropylene samples irradiated with electron beam showed U-shaped profiles in the cross-section of film as did as a sample irradiated with γ-rays. However, the degree of oxidation by irradiation with electron beam was very small; CL intensity at the surface area was only one-third that for the γ-irradiated samples.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1986.070310518
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-dispersible graft copolymer mixtures prepared by electron irradiation. I. Polymerization behavior (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 2163-2176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Highly viscous systems made up of 70 wt% epoxy resin dissolved in 30 wt% monomer mixtures of acrylic acid and styrene were irradiated with 1.5 MeV electrons to initiate graft copolymerization. The temperature measurement of the systems reveals that the polymerization reaction takes place both during and after the electron-beam exposure of about 5-sec duration. The reaction lasts about 50 sec for a low beam current of 0.6 mA, while for a high beam current of 6.0 mA it lasts merely about 20 sec. The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) measurement of obtained products demonstrates that the molecular weight distribution of ungrafted copolymer of acrylic acid and styrene becomes strikingly broader as the beam current is lowered. The GPC data suggest that the fraction of epoxy resin having a grafted branch increases with an increase in the beam current. All of these results are interpreted in terms of the mobility and the concentration of reactive species such as polymer radicals and low molecular weight free radicals.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340609
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-dispersible graft copolymer mixtures prepared by electron irradiation. II. Dispersion behavior (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 2177-2186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Highly viscous systems made up of 70 wt% epoxy resin dissolved in 30% monomer mixture of styrene and acrylic monomers were irradiated with 1.5 MeV electrons to initiate graft copolymerization. The obtained product of graft copolymer mixture was fed into a mixed solvent of n-butanol and cyclohexanone, and was heated 2 h at 70°C to form a predispersion. Then aqueous solution of 2-dimethylaminoethanol or ethanol was added to the predispersion, thus giving a stable dispersion in water or in ethanol. The particle diameter of the aqueous and ethanol dispersions is practically the same, thus suggesting that polymer particles are virtually generated during the predispersing procedure, and at this step the size of the particles is actually determined. The particle diameter increases inversely proportional to the polymer concentration in the predispersion. Furthermore, the particle diameter shows a tendency to decrease with an increase in the hydrophilicity of monomers used in the graft copolymerization. The stopped-flow measurement, on the other hand, reveals a characteristic pH dependence of the dispersion stability to the addition of NaCl. This result is interpreted based on a particle model consisting of a particle core of epoxy resin and its surrounding layer of acrylic copolymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferrocene-containing polymers. I. Radiation-induced polymerization of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 173-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: γ-Ray-induced polymerizations of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) in crystalline and amorphous states were investigated with kinetical and ESR methods. In the crystalline state the polymerization of FMMA proceeded slowly and gave low-molecular-weight polymers, whereas in the amorphous state it proceeded rapidly and gave polymers of much higher molecular weight. Molecular weight distributions of these polymers were binodal. The temperature dependence and the dose-rate dependence of the polymerization rates were different between the two states. Wide-line nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of the amorphous monomer suggested that the polymerization proceeded in a supercooled state. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra of γ-irradiated FMMA and 1,1′-ferrocenyl-di(methyl methacrylate) showed that ferrocene radicals and methacrylic radicals were formed simultaneously at low temperature; with increasing temperature the former radicals disappeared, whereas the latter changed into growing chain radicals. The yields of radicals were relatively low; this means that ferrocene groups in the monomers behave as a radiation energy absorber.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170117
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complexation of metal ion with poly(1-vinylimidazole) resin prepared by radiation-induced polymerization with template metal ion (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1803-1809 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly(1-vinylimidazole) (PVI) resin was prepared with Ni2+, Co2+, or Zn2+ as a template to study the adsorption of metal ions. The metal-1-vinylimidazole complex was copolymerized and crosslinked with 1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone by γ-ray irradiation and the template metal ion was removed by treating the polymer complex with an acid. These PVI resins adsorbed metal ions more effectively than the PVI resin prepared without the template. The number of adsorption sites (As) and the stability constant (K) of Ni2+ complex were larger for the PVI resin prepared with the Ni ion template, caused by the smaller dissociation rate constant of Ni ion from the resin. The composition of the Ni2+ complex in the resin remained constant. This suggests that the complexation proceeded via a one-step mechanism.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.170190719
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of anthracene-labelled PMMA chains studied by the fluorescence depolarization method (1986)
    Basel : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie, Rapid Communications 7 (1986), S. 345-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-2803
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/marc.1986.030070604
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferrocene-containing polymers. II. Radiation-induced copolymerizations of ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate with styrene, methyl methacrylate, and ethyl acrylate (1979)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 17 (1979), S. 1829-1838 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ferrocenylmethyl methacrylate (FMMA) was copolymerized with styrene (St), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and ethyl acrylate (EA) in benzene solution at 25°C by γ radiation. The reactions proceeded by a free radical mechanism, and monomer reactivity ratios were derived by the Tidwell-Mortimer method for St(M1)-FMMA(M2), r1 = 0.35 and r2 = 0.46; for MMA(M1-FMMA)(M2), r1 = 0.85 and r2 = 1.36; for EA(M1)-FMMA(M2), r1 = 0.36 and r2 = 3.03. The Q and e values of FMMA determined from copolymerization with St were 0.97 and 0.55, respectively. Terpolymerization of a MMA-FMMA-EA system based on the Alfrey-Goldfinger equations was studied. This is a typical terpolymerization system in which reactivities of the monomers obey the Q-e scheme. Comparing the results obtained here with those previously reported for other monomers, we concluded that FMMA is one of the most highly reactive monomers among alkyl methacrylates.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1979.170170625
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiation-induced cationic graft copolymerization of isobutene onto polyethylene (1975)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 677-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1975.130131107
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