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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion of bronze by acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride particles (1995)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 46 (1995), S. 515-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Korrosion von Bronze durch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe, Schwefeldioxyd und NatriumchloridpartikelVorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Korrosion von Bronze mit und ohne künstlicher Patina durch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe, Schwefeldioxyd und Natriumchlorid bei relativer Luftfeuchtigkeit von 100%. Die eingesetzten Verfahren waren Gravimetrie, Röntgenstrahlenbeugungsanalyse, Infrarotanalyse und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie. Wie Schwefeldioxyd und Natriumchlorid erzeugen auch Essig- und Ameisensäuredämpfe auf Bronze eine starke Korrosion. Die wichtigsten identifizierten Bestandteile sind Cuprit, Kupferschwefel, hydratisiertes Kupfersulfat, Kupferazetat und Kupferformiat.
    Notes: This paper studies the corrosion of patinated and unpatinated bronze by acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride salt particles, at 100% relative humidity. Weight loss, X-ray diffraction, infrared and scanning electron microscopy were the techniques used. Acetic and formic acid vapours, sulphur dioxide and sodium chloride produce a high corrosion rate on bronze. In general, no protective effect was found by the patina on bronze. The principal compounds identified were Cu2O, Cu2S, Cu5(SO4)2(OH)6 · 5H2O, Cu(CH3CO2)2 · XH2O and Cu(HCO2)2.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19950460902
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural analysis of poly(ethylene terephthalate) reinforced with glass fiber: Thermal behavior and correlation between PA-FTIR and DSC measurements (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 59 (1996), S. 769-774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this article, the correlation between PA-FTIR and DSC techniques was carried out to obtain a more comprehensive interpretation for the fiber-matrix interface of glass fiberreinforced PET and the dependence on annealing temperature. In contrast to the thermal behavior of an unannealed matrix or an annealed one at low temperatures (below 110°C), glass transition is barely perceptible and no crystallization peak can be found in the composite. Therefore, the lack of these thermal characteristics indicates the absence of the primary isomerization in the matrix. Similarly to the isolated matrix, low-melting and high-melting peaks appear in the thermograms of the annealed composite beyond 135°C, but the size and perfection of crystallites seems to be less in the composite. Conversely to the spectroscopic results, the crystallinity values of the composite tend only to coincide with those of the annealed isolated matrix at temperatures beyond 150°C, and below this temperature, they are always lower, until the primary isomerization of the matrix. A comparison between the results obtained with both techniques seems to indicate an improvement on the fiber-matrix interface in which an interfacial structure with low degree of perfection changes to more perfect crystals due to the annealing treatment. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry study of the transition front in uniaxially stretched isotactic polypropylene (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 1709-1717 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: This work discusses the potential of calorimetric (DSC) measurements to study the deformation process of semicrystalline polymer samples. It has been pointed out that parameters such as lamellar fragmentation and the parameter of intrachain melting cooperativity suffered significant changes, showing that the stretching process strongly modifies the structure of the isotatic polypropylene (iPP) sample. Furthermore, the observed changes are restricted to a small region between the isotropic and fibrillar regions which is called the transition front. By observing the evolution of the parameter of intrachain melting cooperativity in comparison with lamellar thickness, it has been possible to characterize, at least in a quaiitative way, the origin and further evolution of the double-fold molecules; totally extended polymer chain connecting two adjacent crystallites in the fibrillar structure - “tie molecules.” Thus, the procedure described here allows, in a simple way, the observation of these molecules, being a possible alternative to TEM methods. Finally, scanning electron microscopy helped in the interpretation of the calorimetric results, revealing that the intermediate values of the different measurements made in this work must be understood as the macroscopic average of the inhomogeneous mixture of the two different structures coexisting in the transition front, i. e., newly formed fibrillar structures and the remains of the original spherulitic structure. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adsorptive stripping voltammetry in dispersed media. Application to the determination of the herbicide terbutryn (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 644-648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Micellar media ; Terbntryn ; Adsorptive stripping voltammetry ; Emulsions ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The possibility of applying adsorptive stripping voltammetry (AdSV) in dispersed media has been evaluated. Sensitive methods for the determination of the herbicide terbutryn at nanomolar levels by AdSV at the hanging mercury drop electrode in micellar and emulsified media are proposed. The anionic surfactant sodium pentanesulfonate was chosen as the most suitable agent for micellar solutions and oil-water emulsions. On the other hand, ethyl acetate was used as the organic solvent to form terbutryn emulsions. A systematic study of the various experimental parameters that affect the stripping response was carried out by differential pulse voltammetry. When working in a 0.1 mol L-l perchloric acid medium with an accumulation potential of -0.60 V, terbutryn could be determined over the 6.0 × 10-9-4.0 × 10-7 and 6.0 × 10-9-2.0 × 10-7 mol L-1 ranges in micellar (50s accumulation time) and emulsified (70s accumulation time) media, respectively. The limits of detection were 2.2 × 10-9 and 1.1 × 10-9 × mol L-1, and the relative standard deviations (n = 10) were 6.3 and 4.3% in micellar and emulsified media, respectively. The effect of other coexisting herbicides on the terbutryn stripping peak was evaluated. Finally, the developed method in emulsified medium was applied to the determination of terbutryn in spiked tap waters.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070708
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative study of the corrosion behavior of MA-956 and conventional metallic biomaterials (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 31 (1996), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: In this work the corrosion behavior of a new biomaterial, the MA-956 superalloy, immersed in Hank's solution is evaluated. A comparison with conventional metallic alloys used as articular implants is established. To determine the corrosion behavior we employed electrochemical methods: evaluation of corrosion potential Ecorr, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and anodic polarization curves. The corrosion resistance of the MA-956 superalloy preoxidized at 1100°C during 100 h is at least two orders of magnitude higher than for the other alloys. This satisfactory behavior is stationary with time. Also the probability of the appearance of the pitting corrosion process is very low. When cracking is generated in the α-alumina layer the repassivation process is assured because of the high Cr content in the superalloy. This study is the first step in proposing this new alloy as a biomaterial. The low toxicity of these metallic alloys in the physiological environment suggests that in vivo their biocompatibility could be satisfactory. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein encapsulation within polyethylene glycol-coated nanospheres. I. Physicochemical characterization (1998)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 42 (1998), S. 45-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: nanospheres ; polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol ; protein encapsulation ; protein delivery ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The development of injectable nanoparticulate “stealth” carriers for protein delivery is a major challenge. We have shown the possibility of entrapping human serum albumin (HSA) in polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated monodisperse biodegradable nanospheres with a mean diameter of about 200 nm, prepared from amphiphilic diblock PEG-polylactic acid (PLA) copolymers, with loadings up to 9% (w/w). Microscopic techniques and surface analysis studies enabled us to prove that the protein was well entrapped and not adsorbed onto the particle surface. Zeta potential and water uptake studies corroborated that part of the PEG chains are located in the nanosphere matrix. Water uptake in the nanospheres was related to their chemical composition, i.e., the respective wt% of PEG and PLA in the matrix, and not on their fabrication procedure. The hydrophilic PEG blocks absorbed up to 130% (w/w) water, whereas PLA absorbed only about 10% (w/w). However, the rate of swelling at the beginning of the process was related to the structure of the matrix, more particularly to the manner in which PEG was disposed at the surface. Furthermore, it was shown that the PEG “brush” at the nanosphere surface drastically reduces HSA adsorption on the PEG-PLA nanospheres compared to the PLA ones. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Biomed Mater Res, 42, 45-54, 1998.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural characterization of III-V semiconductor surfaces by quantitative aesPaper presented at the Quantitative Surface Analysis (QSA-5) Conference, London, 15-18 November 1988. (1989)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 14 (1989), S. 347-353 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The main objective of the present work is to extend the use of Auger electron spectroscopy as a technique capable of providing information not only about the chemical composition of III-V semiconductor surfaces, but also on surface structure by using some atoms as markers. These atoms can be either the III or V surface atoms, or/and some foreign atoms (O2, Si) when the adsorption process is site-specific. Thus, by the interaction of O2 and Si with differently prepared GaAs[111] surfaces, we have determined besides the chemical composition of the surface bilayer, the adsorption sites, occupation sequence and the nature of the vacancy sites of the surface layers. Moreover, we have also detected anomalously low attenuation lengths of the substrate atoms. This phenomenon, observed before by other authors in different systems, was never satisfactorily explained. We present experimental evidence that the anomalous attenuation lengths are related to the structural disorder of the adsorbed layers and, therefore, that the low values observed are not correct. Consequently, great care is recommended when using attenuation lengths given by the overlayer method.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740140611
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