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  • 1
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    Structure and function of the feeding apparatus in the common musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus (Chelonia, Kinosternidae) (2011)
    In:  Contributions to Zoology vol. 80 no. 2, pp. 143-156
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The present study examined the kinematic patterns of initial food uptake, food transport, pharyngeal packing and swallowing in the common musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus. These data are supplemented by morphological descriptions of the skull and the hyolingual complex. Although the hyoid is mainly cartilaginous, S. odoratus still use exclusively hydrodynamic mechanisms in prey capture and prey transport. The tongue is relatively small, with weakly developed intrinsic musculature. We propose that the elasticity of the hypoglossum and the hyoid body impacts the capability of S. odoratus to suction feed, but allows these turtles to effectively re-position the food items within the oropharyngeal cavity during transport, manipulation and pharyngeal packing. We standardised conditions in all feeding events by using food items of the same consistence and size, and by always offering the food at the same position at the bottom of the aquarium. Nonetheless, the measured kinematic values varied considerably. The duration of prey capture and prey transport cycles were relatively long in S. odoratus compared to other freshwater turtles studied so far. The initiation of hyoid retraction relative to the onset of jaw opening can be modulated not only in prey capture but also in prey transport cycles. In the common musk turtle, the jaw and hyoid movements apparently have a low level of integration.
    Keywords: feeding behaviour ; head morphology ; motion analysis ; mud turtles ; suction
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen des Reaktionsverlaufes und der Produkte der säurekatalysierten Reaktion von Phenolen mit Holzöl, 2Teil 1 s. Lit.1.. Vergleichende untersuchungen an verschiedenen phenolen (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1989), S. 103-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In this paper the acid-catalysed reaction between phenols and tung oil is investigated for 4 different phenols (phenol, o-, m- and p-cresol). This reaction is important for the production of modified resins for electrical insulating laminates. In particular by means of 13C-NMR- and IR-method it is proved that phenols are C-alkylated by tung oil in the manner of a Friedel-Crafts-reaction exceptionally. The reaction positions at the phenols are determined. Further, the rates of the reaction of phenol with the eleostearic acid esters are compared for the four different phenols.
    Notes: Die zur Herstellung holzölmodifizierter Phenolharze für Elektroisolierschichtpreßstoffe wichtige säurekatalysierte Reaktion von Phenolen mit Holzöl wird für 4 verschiedene Phenole (Phenol, o-, m-, p-Cresol) vergleichend untersucht. Insbesondere durch 13C-NMR- und IR-Untersuchungen wird festgestellt, daß ausschließlich C-Alkylierung des Phenols durch Holzöl im Sinne einer Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion abläuft. Die Reaktionsorte an den Phenolen werden ermittelt. Weiterhin werden die Geschwindigkeiten der Reaktion der Phenole mit den Eläostearinsäureresten verglichen.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051700107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen des Reaktionsverlaufes und der Produkte der säurekatalysierten Reaktion von Phenolen mit Holzöl, 1. Phenol und Holzöl (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 170 (1989), S. 87-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: In this paper the acid-catalyzed reaction between phenol and tung oil is investigated. This reaction is important for the production of modified phenolic resins for electrical insulating laminates. Based on the characterization of reaction products by means of gas- and liquid chromatography, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR spectroscopy and MS is established, that phenol is C-alkylated by tung oil in the manner of a Friedel-Crafts-reaction. Phenol reacts only with the double bonds of the eleostearic acid links of the tung oil.
    Notes: Die zur Herstellung modifizierter Phenolharze für Elektroisolierschichtpreßstoffe wichtige säurekatalysierte Reaktion von Phenol mit Holzöl wird mittels Gas- und Flüssigchromatographie, IR-, 1H-NMR-, 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie sowie MS untersucht. Es wird festgestellt, daß Phenol durch Holzöl im Sinne einer Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion C-alkyliert wird; am Holzöl reagieren nur die Doppelbindungen der Eläostearinsäure.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1989.051700106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel formation in polymers undergoing radiation-induced crosslinking and scission (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 3375-3386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the solubility of irradiated polyethylene. The experimental data were treated according to the Saito-Inokuti theory for gel formation in polymers exposed to ionizing radiation. Among other things, this theory is based upon the molecular weight distribution of the unirradiated polymer; in the present work, the actual distributions were determined by high-temperature gel permeation chromatography and corrected for long-chain branching. Under these circumstances, good agreement between theory and experimental data was obtained, which allowed the determination of the radiation yield of main-chain scission and crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1976.070201217
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modifizierte Phenolharze für Elektroisolierschichtpreßstoffe (1988)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Acta Polymerica 39 (1988), S. 464-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0323-7648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: A new route to bromine containing oil-modified phenolic resins is presented providing cold-punchable and flame retardant electro-laminates based on the use of partially brominated tung oil.
    Notes: Es wird über ein neues Verfahren zur Herstellung von bromhaltigen ölmodifizierten Phenolharzen für kaltstanzbare und schwerbrennbare Elektroisolierschichtpreßstoffe berichtet, das durch den Einsatz von partiell bromiertem Holzöl (Tungöl) gekennzeichnet ist.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/actp.1988.010390819
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