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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (21)
  • Thin-layer chromatography  (7)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 39 (1994), S. 97-102 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Amino modified silica gel ; Steroid hormones ; Thermal activation ; Fluorescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The previously described analytical method for carbohydrates, catecholamines, uric acid, creatine and creatinine using thin-layer chromatography on aminomodified HPTLC plates and subsequent thermal activation of the chromatogram zones is expanded to include several steroid hormones. Specifically, they are the pharmacologically relevant compounds cortisone and hydrocortisone, estradiol and estradiol benzoate, estriol, estrone, methyltestosterone, testosterone and testosterone propionate, prednisolone, pregnandiol and triol, progesterone and Reichstein's S.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 28 (1989), S. 364-366 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; HPTLC ; Glucose and fructose ; Fluorescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A simple method for separating and detecting glucose and fructose is described. Merely heating the chromatogram under an IR radiator, or on a hotplate or in a drying cabinet, renders components separated on HPTLC plates NH2 visible under UV light. The detection limits are similar to those obtained with spray reagents and dipping techniques. Possible application of the method to other carbohydrates is briefly mentioned.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; NH2-silica gel ; Catecholamines ; Urine samples
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This article describes a thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of catecholamines in human urine. Chromatographic separation on NH2-modified silica gel layers is followed by in-situ visualization brought about by heating the plate. The use of this derivatization technique for other urine components, such as creatine, creatinine, uric acid and glucose, is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Cyano-modified layers ; Normal and reversed phase separations ; Ion-pair reagents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The introduction of a cyano-modified, pre-coated layer substantially widens the selectivity of stationary phases in thin-layer chromatography. This is a moderately polar sorbent based on silica gel 60, which can be used both in adsorption chromatography and in reversed-phase chromatography. This new pre-coated layer is particularly suitable for separation of steroids, alkaloids and derivatized amino acids. The possibility of separating habitforming drugs and preservatives in the presence of ionpair reagents is also discussed.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Diethylene glycol and sugars ; Wine ; Visualisation methods
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the separation of carbohydrates/glycerol/ethylene glycol/diethylene glycol in alcoholic liquids by TLC. An in situ reaction already proven in carbohydrate analysis is used for the detection among other things, of diethylene glycol in low, unpermitted concentrations and is compared with vanadium pentoxide derivatisation also described in the literature. Only the vanadium pentoxide reaction yields satisfactory results for diethylene glycol. The information capacity of HPTLC chromatograms is also demonstrated by the simultaneous analysis of 19 samples. Chromatogram filing is an important consideration, since the lifespans of chromatograms derivatised by the two methods vary considerably. Plates or sheets treated with dichlorofluorescein can still be evaluated over a period of years, whereas plates treated with vanadium pentoxide are unusable after only a few weeks. An advantage of the latter procedure, however, is the amenability of the chromatograms to normal photocopying.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromatographia 29 (1990), S. 467-472 
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; NH2-layers ; Carbohydrates ; Fluorescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Based on experience in the purely thermally induced (no analytical reagents) fluorimetric detection of glucose and fructose after thin-layer chromatographic separation on NH2-layers, the application of this method to other sugars is described. After separation with mobile phases containing pyridine, this “dry”in situ derivatization permits a very simple qualitative and quantitative method of detection for the 20 carbohydrates studied.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Thin-layer chromatography ; Amino modified silica ; Creatine, creatinine, uric acid and carbohydrates ; Fluorescence detection ; In-situ densitometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In clinical diagnosis creatine, creatinine and uric acid are important parameters for the evaluation of renal diseases, and are partially responsible for gout and the formation of renal calculi. The determination of various carbohydrates, especially glucose, in urine and serum serves as an indicator of diabetes and other carbohydrate anomalies. A simple, rapid and economic method for the simultaneous screening and quantitation of these compounds is presented. No sample preparation is necessary for the determination in urine or in serum. The proposed method consists of separations on an amino modified HPTLC precoated plate. The detection of all relevant substances is reproducibly performed by simply heating the chromatogram to give stable fluorescent derivatives. The detection limits in all cases lie significantly below the physiological range.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: With the aid of a voltage diagram, definite ranges of potential differences can be determined each of them characterising special corrosion conditions for this metal. Above the minimum corrosion potential, titanium can be rendered chemically inactive by coating with a layer of titanium-hydride (hydride-passive condition). This condition is reached normally in the presence of strong cathodic polarisation only. Exceeding a critical potential difference, the metal becomes chemically active. Corrosion and hydrogen generation take place (normal corrosion in non-oxidising acids). Exceeding the critical P.D for passivity the metal is covered with an oxide layer which again renders it inactive, (oxide-passive condition). This is the condition responsible for the excellent corrosion-resisting properties of titanium in oxidising media. With relatively high potential differences which occur only by anodic polarisation and not in oxidising media, activation is again encountered in halogenide solutions(trans-passive condition). Titanium is attacked in the forms of scars. In solutions free from halides there is no corrosion at strong anodic polarisations. The different corrosion conditions on titanium in various ranges of P.D. are explained by characteristic examples.
    Notes: Es lassen sich für Titan verschiedene Potentialbereiche an Hand eines Strom-Spannungsdiagramms festlegen, innerhalb derer ein für das Metall jeweils charakteristisches Korrosionsverhalten besteht. Oberhalb des Immunitätspotentials wird Titan durch Bedeckung mit einer Titanhydridschicht passiv (hydrid passiver Zustand). Der hydridpassive Zustand wird normalerweise nur bei starker kathodischer Polarisation erreicht. Bei Überschreiten eines kritischen Potentials wird das Metall aktiv. Es tritt Korrosion unter Wasserstoffentwicklung ein (normale Korrosion in nichtoxydierenden Säuren). Bei Überschreiten des kritischen Passivierungspotentials wird das Metall von einer Oxydschicht bedeckt und dadurch erneut passiv (oxydpassiver Zustand). Der oxydpassive Zustand ist für die ausgezeichnete Korrosionsbeständigkeit des Titans gegenüber oxydierenden Medien verantwortlich. Bei relativ hohen Potentialen, die nur durch anodische Polarisation, nicht hingegen durch Oxydationsmittel erreicht werden, tritt in halogenidhaltigen Lösungen erneut Aktivierung ein (transpassiver Zustand). Titan wird narbenförmig angegriffen. In halogenidfreien Lösungen dagegen tritt bei starker anodischer Polarisation keine Korrosion ein. An Hand einer Reihe von charakteristischen Beispielen wird das unterschiedliche Korrosionsverhalten des Titans in den verschiedenen Potentialbereichen erklärt.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 27 (1976), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Rate of formation of cathodically produced hydroxide surface layersThe cathodic hydrogen evolution shifts the pH values in the vicinity of the electrode to ward higher values. If a metal ion is present in the solution and if the pH shift results in a condition where the solubility product of the metal oxide or hydroxide respectively is attained at the electrode surface a further current density increase may give rise to the precipitation of the metal hydroxide which then forms a suface layer on the electrode. The rate of formation of such layers is assessed whereby it is presumed that the rate controlling step is exclusively the transport of the ions taking part in the reactions. Tracing current density overtension curves and weighing the surface layers formed enables the rate of formation to be measured as a function of current density, pH value, metal ion concentration and diffusion layer thickness. The results obtained for layers of Ni(OH)2, Cd(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ce(OH)3 and La(OH)3 are in good agreement with theoretical considerations. In the case of the formation of Al(OH)3 layers it is necessary to take account of the contribution to charge transport by aluminium ions dissolved in the form of hydroxo-complexes.
    Notes: Durch die kathodische Wasserstoffentwicklung wird vor der Elektrode der pH- Wert zu höheren Werten verschoben. Liegt in der Lösung ein Metallion vor und wird durch die pH-Veränderung das Löslichkeitsprodukt des Metalloxids bzw. Hydroxids auf der Elektrodenoberfläche erreicht, so kann bei weiterer Erhöhung der Stromdichte das Metallhydroxid als Deckschicht auf der Elektrode ausfallen. Die Bildungsgeschwindigkeit solcher Deckschichten wird unter der Annahme berechnet, daß nur der Transport der an den Reaktionen beteiligten Ionen geschwindigkeitsbestimmend ist. Durch Aufnahme der Stromdichte- Überspannungskurven und Auswiegen der produzierten Deckschichten wurde die Bildungsgeschwindigkeit als Funktion der Stromdichte des pH-Wertes, der Konzentration der Metallionen und der Dicke der Diffusionsschicht gemessen. Die Meßergebnisse stehen für Deckschichten aus Ni(OH)2, Cd(OH)2, Co(OH)2, Zn(OH)2, Mg(OH)2, Ce(OH)3 und La(OH)3 in guter Übereinstimmung mit den theoretischen Überlegungen.Bei der Bildung von Al(OH)3-Deckschichten muß der als Hydroxokomplexe gelösten Aluminiumionen zum Ladungs-transport berücksichtigt werden.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 55-60 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion protection and maintenanceThe terms of maintenance engineering were all elucidated in the German standard DIN 31051 with one curve: the decrease of the volume of wear. By the feedback of all steps of maintenance to one term, the volume of wear, the valuation-especially on operational criticism - of the different steps will become possible.Wear and corrosion are analogous reactions affecting materials and structural components. Therefore it will be beneficial to an expert of corrosion engineering to tackle with the terms of this standard.
    Notes: In der Begriffsnorm für die Instandhaltung, der DIN 31051, werden alle Begriffe der Instandhaltung anhand einer Kurve erläutert: der Abbaukurve des Abnutzungsvorrats. Durch die Rückführung aller Maßnahmen der Instandhaltung auf einen Begriff, den “Abnutzungsvorrat”, wird eine Bewertung, auch eine betriebswirtschaftliche Bewertung der Maßnahmen möglich.Verschleiß und Korrosion sind analoge Vorgänge, die auf Bauteile und Werkstoffe einwirken. Es wird- deshalb für den Korrosionsingenieur nützlich sein, sich auch mit dieser Begriffsnorm auseinanderzusetzen.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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