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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Adrenal cortex ; Renin-angiotensin system ; Steroidogenesis ; Electron microscopy ; Morphometry ; Rat ; transgenic (mRen2) 27
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Transgenic rats for the murine Ren-2 gene display high blood pressure, low circulating levels of angiotensin II, and high renin content in the adrenal glands. Moreover, transgenic rats possess an increased aldosterone secretion (maximal from 6 to 18 weeks of age), paralleling the development of hypertension. To investigate further the cytophysiology of the adrenal glands of this strain of rats, we performed a combined morphometric and functional study of the zona glomerulosa of 10-week-old female transgenic rats. Morphometry did not reveal notable differences between zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic and age- and sex-matched Sprague-Dawley rats, with the exception of a marked accumulation of lipid droplets, in which cholesterol and cholesterol esters are stored. The volume of the lipid-droplet compartment underwent a significant decrease when transgenic rats were previously injected with angiotensin II or ACTH. Dispersed zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic rats showed a significantly higher basal aldosterone secretion, but their response to angiotensin II and ACTH was similar to that of Sprague-Dawley animals. Angiotensin II-receptor number and affinity were not dissimilar in zona glomerulosa cells of transgenic and Sprague-Dawley rats. These data suggest that the sustained stimulation of the adrenal renin-angiotensin system in transgenic animals causes an increase in the accumulation in zona glomerulosa cells of cholesterol available for steroidogenesis, as indicated by the expanded volume of the lipid-droplet compartment and the elevated basal steroidogenesis. However, the basal hyperfunction of the zona glomerulosa in transgenic animals does not appear to be coupled with an enhanced responsivity to its main secretagogues, at least in terms of aldosterone secretion.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 495-500 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchungen der Kohlenstoffpermeation durch Oxidschichten auf gebräuchlichen Hochtemperaturlegierungen und auf Modellegierungen mit radioaktiven TracernGebräuchliche Hochtemperaturlegierungen und Modellegierungen, die Chromoxid- oder Aluminiumoxid-Schichten bilden, wurden bei 900 oder 1000 °C in H2-H2O bei niedrigem Sauerstoffdruck voroxidiert. Die Oxidschichten wurden mit verschiedenen Methoden charakterisiert.Die Kohlenstoffpermeation durch die Oxidschichten wurden untersucht, indem die voroxidierten Proben langzeitig einer mit radioaktivem Kohlenstoff indizierten CO-CO2-H-2-H2O-Atmosphäre ausgesetzt wurden. Der aufgenommene Kohlenstoff wurde nachgewiesen durch die Radioaktivitätsmessung bei schrittweiser Abtragung durch Läppen. Durch die Cr2O3-Schichten erfolgt eine langsame Kohlenstoffaufnahme - die radioaktive Methode erlaubt es, die Unterschiede der schützenden Wirkung von Oxidschichten auf den verschiedenen Legierungen zu bestimmen.Die Al2O3-Schicht auf Fe-6% Al wirkt nicht schützend, aber bei der Legierung Fe-6% Al-0,5%Ti konnte überhaupt keine Kohlenstoffaufnahme festgestellt werden. Autoradiographie, AES und Röntgen-strukturanalyse zeigten, daß unterhalb der äußeren Al2O3-Schicht Ti(O,C) vorliegt. Dieses Oxicarbid verbessert die Keimbildung und Adhäsion des Al2O3 und verhindert das Eindringen von Kohlenstoff.Die Ergebnisse wurden noch durch gravimetrische Experimente bestätigt. Die gleichen voroxidierten Legierungen wurden einer stark aufkohlenden CO-CO2-H2-H-2O Atmosphäre bei hoher Kohlenstoffaktivität (aC = 1,02) ausgesetzt - die Aufkohlung und Graphitabscheidung war gehemmt oder verhindert bei Bildung dichter und gut haftender Oxidschichten.
    Notes: Chromia- and alumina-forming commercial high temperature alloys and model alloys were preoxidized at 900 or 1000 °C in H2-H2O at a low oxygen potential. The oxide layers were characterized by different methods.The carbon permeation through the oxide layers was studied by exposing the preoxidized specimens to an atmosphere CO-CO2-H2-H2O, tagged with radiocarbon, for long time. The carbon was detected by stepwise polishing and measuring the radioactivity. A slow carbon ingress occurs through chromia layers, differences in the protection by the oxide scale could be tested by the radiotracer method for the different alloys.The alumina layer on Fe-6 Al is not protective, but no carbon ingress could be detected for an alloy Fe-6Al-0.5Ti. Autoradiography, AES and X-ray structure analysis showed the presence of Ti(O,C) beneath the outer Al2O3-layer. The oxicarbide improves the nucleation and adherence of the Al2O3 and prohibits the carbon penetration.The results were confirmed by gravimetric experiments, after preoxidation samples were exposed to CO-CO2-H2-H2O at high carbon activity (ac = 1.02), carburization and graphite deposition were retarded or prohibited by dense and well adherent oxide layers.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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