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  • potassium gating  (2)
  • Na channel gating  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium currents in the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas (1982)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 66 (1982), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: giant axon ; sodium channel ; voltage clamp ; crustacean nerve ; Na channel gating ; sodium conductance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Measurements were made of the kinetics and steady-state properties of the sodium conductance changes in the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas. The conductance measurements were made in the presence of small concentrations of tetrodotoxin and as much electrical compensation as possible in order to minimize errors caused by the series resistance. After an initial delay of 10–150 μsec, the conductance increase during depolarizing voltage clamp pulses followed the Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics. Values of the time constant for the activation of the sodium conductance lay on a bell-shaped curve with a maximum under 180 μsec at −40 mV (at 18°C). Values of the time constant for the inactivation of the sodium conductance were also fitted using a bell-shaped curve with a maximum under 7 msec at −70 mV. The effects of membrane potential on the fraction of Na channels available for activation studied using double pulse protocols suggest that hyperpolarizing potentials more negative than −100 mV lock a fraction of the Na channels in a closed conformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868491
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potassium currents in the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas (1982)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 66 (1982), S. 171-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: nerve ; voltage clamp ; giant axon ; potassium channels ; potassium gating ; potassium inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Measurements were made of the kinetic and steadystate characteristics of the potassium conductance in the giant axon of the crabCarcinus maenas. These measurements were made in the presence of tetrodotoxin, using the feedback amplifier concept introduced by Dodge and Frankenhaeuser (J. Physiol. (London) 143:76–90). The conductance increase during depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses was analyzed assuming that two separate potassium channels exist in these axons. The first potassium channel exhibited activation and fast inactivation gating which could be fitted using them 3 h, Hodgkin-Huxley formalism. The second potassium channel exhibited the standardn 4 Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics. These two postulated channels are blocked by internal application of caesium, tetraethylammonium and sodium ions. External application of 4 amino-pyridine also blocks these channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01868492
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential blockage of two types of potassium channels in the crab giant axon (1985)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 84 (1985), S. 127-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: giant axon ; potassium channel ; potassium gating ; potassium inactivation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Measurements were made of the kinetic and steady-state characteristics of the potassium conductance in the giant axon of the crabsCarcinus maenas andCancer pagirus. The conductance increase during depolarizing voltage-clamp pulses was analyzed assuming that two separate types of potassium channels exist in these axons (M. E. Quinta-Ferreira, E. Rojas and N. Arispe,J. Membrane Biol. 66:171–181, 1982). It is shown here that, with small concentrations of conventional K+-channel blockers, it is possible to differentially inhibit these channels. The potassium channels with activation and fast inactivation gating (m3h, Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics) were blocked by external application of 4 amino-pyridine (4-AP). The potassium channels with standard gating (n4, Hodgkin-Huxley kinetics) were preferentially inhibited by externally applied tetraethylammonium (TEA). The differential blockage of the two types of potassium conductance changes suggests that they represent two different populations of potassium channels. It is further shown here that blocking the early transient conductance increase leads to the inhibition of the repetitive electrical activity induced by constant depolarizing current injection in fibers fromCardisoma guanhumi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01872210
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