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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical australia. I. stand growth response to fertilization (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 93-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilization ; P application method ; P rate ; slash pine ; stand growth response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Fertilization at plantation establishment and later age is often required to maximize stand growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) in subtropical Australia. A field experiment was conducted to examine stand growth response of slash pine in the first 11.5 years of plantation following (1) initial fertilization at plantation establishment with phosphorus (P) at 11, 22, 45 and 90 kg P ha−1 which were either banded or broadcast in the presence or absence of basal fertilizers containing 50 kg nitrogen (N) ha−1, 50 kg potassium (K) ha−1 and 5 kg copper (Cu) ha−1 and (2) additional application of 40 kg P ha−1 at age 10 years. The initial P fertilization significantly increased the stand growth in the first 9.6 years. The P banded application was more effective in improving the stand growth than the P broadcast application. Application of the N, K and Cu basal fertilizers did not affect the stand growth. Overall, 53–73% of the variation in basal area and volume growth in the first 9.6 years was explained by the initial P fertilization, indicating that P deficiency was the major factor limiting the stand growth under the experimental conditions. Optimum plantation age, at which the maximum periodical annual increment (PAI) of basal area was obtained, increased from age 10.9 to 12 years when the initial P rate increased from 11 to 90 kg P ha−1. Application of additional 40 kg P ha−1 at age 10 years resulted in a further improvement in the stand growth at age 11.5 years. With 66% of the variation in basal area PAI between ages 9.6 and 11.5 years, 50% was explained by the initial P fertilization and 16% by the additional P applied at age 10 years. Similarly, 51% and 12% of the variation in volume PAI were attributed to the initial P fertilization and the additional P application, respectively. This highlights the need of refertilization with P on some established stands of slash pine at later ages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750750
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical Australia. II. foliar nutrient response to fertilization (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: fertilization ; foliar nutrient concentration ; method of P application ; mineral nutrition ; P rate ; slash pine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In the previous paper, we reported the stand growth of slash pine (Pinus elliottii) during the first 11.5 years of plantation in response to (1) initial fertilization at plantation establishment with P rates of 11, 22, 45 and 90 kg P ha−1 which were either banded or broadcast in the presence or absence of basal fertilizers containing 50 kg N ha−1, 50 kg K ha−1 and 5 kg Cu ha−1 and (2) application of additional 40 kg P ha−1 at age 10 years. Here we present the responses in foliar nutrient concentrations of slash pine in the first 11.5 years to the initial fertilization and the additional P applied at age 10 years. Foliar N and K concentrations in the first 9.6 years of plantation decreased with the initial P rate. Application of the basal fertilizers improved foliar Cu concentration. Foliar Ca and Mg concentrations increased linearly with the initial P rate. The initial fertilization did not affect foliar Mn concentration in the first 9.6 years. Foliar P concentration increased quadratically with the initial P rate, which accounted for 77–86% of the variation in foliar P concentration. Most of the explained variation in foliar nutrient concentrations was attributable to the plantation age except for foliar P concentration. In the case of foliar P concentration, 53% was explained by the initial P rate, 31% by the plantation age and 2% by the positive interaction between the initial P rate and the plantation age. Foliar P concentration of slash pine at age 11.5 years increased quadratically with the initial P rate and linearly with the additional 40 kg P ha−1 applied at age 10 years, accounting for 81% of the variation in the foliar P concentration. Foliar nutrient analysis indicated that P was the major limiting nutrient affecting the stand growth of slash pine in the first 11.5 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750751
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineral nutrition of slash pine in subtropical Australia. III. Relationships between foliar P concentration and stand growth (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 41 (1995), S. 109-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: foliar phosphorus ; plantation age ; slash pine ; stand growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Foliar P concentration of slash pine was significantly related to the stand growth in the first 11.5 years. The relationship between foliar P concentration and total stand growth at foliar sampling improved as the plantation aged with coefficient of determination (R2) increasing from 0.14–0.15 at age 3.3 years to 0.56–0.65 at age 9.6 years. However, only 12–18% of the variation in total stand growth was explained by foliar P concentration at age 11.5 years when additional 40 kg P ha−1 was applied to the stands at age 10 years. This suggests that caution should be exercised in interpreting the foliar P concentrations of the established stands which had received application of P fertilizer just prior to foliar sampling. Periodic stand growth was more closely related to the foliar P concentration than total stand growth. Basal area and volume periodic annual increment (PAI) was better related to the foliar P concentration than height PAI. Optimum foliar P concentration, at which the maximum stand growth was obtained, was between 0.093% and 0.110%. The optimum foliar P concentration for height PAI immediately prior to foliar sampling decreased from 0.097% at age 3.3 years to 0.070% at age 9.6 years. Critical foliar P concentration at age 9.6 years, at which 90% of the maximum basal area growth was obtained, was between 0.066% and 0.070%. Both optimum and critical foliar P concentration might decrease as the plantation aged.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750752
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen cycling in leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) alley cropping in semi-arid tropics (1993)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 148 (1993), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: decomposition ; fertilizer N ; leucaena residues ; maize residues ; N loss ; N uptake ; 15N recovery ; residue incorporation ; residue N
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In an alley cropping system, prunings from the hedgerow legume are expected to supply nitrogen (N) to the associated cereal. However, this may not be sufficient to achieve maximum crop yield. Three field experiments with alley-cropped maize were conducted in a semi-arid environment in northern Australia to determine: (1) the effect of N fertilizer on maize growth in the presence of fresh leucaena prunings; (2) the effect of incorporation of leucaena and maize residues on maize yield and the fate of plant residue15N in the alley cropping system; and (3) the15N recovery by maize from15N-labelled leucaena, maize residues and ammonium sulphate fertilizer. Leucaena residues increased maize crop yield and N uptake although they did not entirely satisfy the N requirement of the alley crop. Additional N fertilizer further increased the maize yield and N uptake in the presence of leucaena residues. Placement of leucaena residues had little effect on the availability of N to maize plants over a 2 month period. The incorporation of leucaena residues in the soil did not increase the recovery of leucaena15N by maize compared with placement of the residues on the soil surface. After 2 months, similar proportions of the residue15N were recovered by maize from mulched leucaena (6.3%), incorporated leucaena (6.1%) and incorporated maize (7.6%). By the end of one cropping season (3 months after application) about 9% of the added15N was taken up by maize from either15N-labelled leucaena as mulch or15N-labelled maize residues applied together with unlabelled fresh leucaena prunings as mulch. The recovery of the added15N was much higher (42.7%) from the15N-labelled ammonium sulphate fertilizer at 40 kg N ha-1 in the presence of unlabelled leucaena prunings. Most of the added15N recovered in the 200 cm soil profile was distributed in the top 25 cm soil with little leached below that. About 27–41% of the leucaena15N was apparently lost, largely through denitrification from the soil and plant system, in one cropping season. This compared with 35% of the fertilizer15N lost when the N fertilizer was applied in the presence of prunings. ei]H Lambers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02185386
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