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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: Astronauts on a mission to Mars will require several vehicles working together to get to Mars orbit, descend to the surface of Mars, support them while theyre there, and return them to Earth. The Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) transports the crew off the surface of Mars to a waiting Earth return vehicle in Mars orbit and is a particularly influential part of the mission architecture because it sets performance requirements for the lander and in-space transportation vehicles. With this in mind, efforts have been made to minimize the MAV mass, and its impact on the other vehicles. A minimal mass MAV design using methane and in situ generated oxygen propellants was presented in 2015. Since that time, refinements have been made in most subsystems to incorporate findings from ongoing research into key technologies, improved understanding of environments and further analysis of design options. This paper presents an overview of the current MAV reference design used in NASAs human Mars mission studies, and includes a description of the operations, configuration, subsystem design, and a vehicle mass summary.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN62438 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 02, 2019 - Mar 09, 2019; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Throughout the human space flight program there have been instances where smoke, fire, and pressure loss have occurred onboard space vehicles, putting crews at risk for loss of mission and loss of life. In every instance the mission has been in Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) with access to multiple volumes that could be used to quickly seal off the damaged module or escape vehicles for a quick return to Earth. For long duration space missions beyond LEO, including Mars transit missions of about 1000 days, the mass penalty for multiple volumes has been a concern as has operating in an environment where a quick return will not be possible. In 2016 a study was done to investigate a variety of dual pressure vessel configurations for habitats that could protect the crew from these hazards. It was found that for a modest increase in total mass it should be possible to provide significant protection for the crew. Several configurations were developed that either had a small safe haven to provide 30-days to recover, or a full duration safe haven using two equal size pressure vessel volumes. The 30-day safe haven was found to be the simplest, yielding the least total mass impact but still with some risk if recovery is not possible during that timeframe. The full duration safe haven was the most massive option but provided the most robust solution. This paper provides information on the various layouts considered in the study and provides a discussion of the findings for implementing a safe haven in future habitat designs.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M17-5955 , AIAA Space and Astronautics Forum and Exposition; Sep 12, 2017 - Sep 14, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: MSFC-E-DAA-TN58825 , AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum; Jul 09, 2018 - Jul 11, 2018; Cincinatti, OH; United States
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Throughout the human space flight program there have been instances where systems failures resulting in smoke, fire, and pressure loss have occurred onboard space vehicles, putting crews at risk for loss of mission and loss of life. In most instances the missions have been in Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) or Earth-Moon vicinity, with access to multiple volumes that could be used to quickly seal off the damaged module or access escape vehicles for return to Earth. For long duration missions beyond LEO, including Mars transit missions of about 1100 days, the mass penalty for multiple volumes and operating in an environment where a quick return will not be possible have been concerns. In 2016, a study was done to investigate a variety of dual pressure vessel configurations for habitats that could protect the crew from these hazards. It was found that with a modest increase in total mass it should be possible to provide significant protection for the crew. Several configurations were considered that either had a small safe haven to provide 30-days to recover, or a full duration safe haven using two equal size pressure vessel volumes. The 30-day safe haven was found to be the simplest, yielding the least total mass impact but still with some risk if recovery is not possible during that timeframe. The full duration safe haven was the most massive option but provided the most robust solution. This paper provides information on the various layouts developed during the study and provides a discussion of the findings for implementing a safe haven in future habitat designs.
    Keywords: Man/System Technology and Life Support
    Type: M17-6195 , AIAA Space 2017 Conference; Sep 12, 2017 - Sep 14, 2017; Orlando, FL; United States
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) Architecture Study is a multi-NASA center activity to analyze candidate EDL systems as they apply to human Mars landing in the context of the Evolvable Mars Campaign. The study, led by the Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD), is performed in conjunction with the NASA's Science Mission Directorate and the Human Architecture Team, sponsored by NASA's Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate. The primary objective is to prioritize future STMD EDL technology investments by (1) generating Phase A-level designs for selected concepts to deliver 20 t human class payloads, (2) developing a parameterized mass model for each concept capable of examining payloads between 5 and 40 t, and (3) evaluating integrated system performance using trajectory simulations. This paper summarizes the initial study results.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NF1676L-25101 , AIAA SPACE 2016 Conference; Sep 13, 2016 - Sep 16, 2016; Long Beach, CA; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: In NASA's evolvable Mars campaign, transportation architectures for human missions to Mars rely on a combination of solar electric propulsion and chemical propulsion systems. Minimizing the Mars ascent vehicle (MAV) mass is critical in reducing the overall lander mass and also eases the requirements placed on the transportation stages. This paper presents the results of a conceptual design study to obtain a minimal MAV configuration, including subsystem designs and mass summaries.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: M16-5281 , AIAA SPACE 2015; Aug 31, 2015 - Sep 02, 2015; Pasadena, CA; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents the results of a NASA initiated Agency-wide assessment to better characterize the risks and potential mitigation approaches associated with landing human class Entry, Descent, and Landing (EDL) systems on Mars. Due to the criticality and long-lead nature of advancing EDL techniques, it is necessary to determine an appropriate strategy to improve the capability to land large payloads. A key focus of this study was to understand the key EDL risks and with a focus on determining what "must" be tested at Mars. This process identified the various risks and potential risk mitigation strategies along with the key near term technology development efforts required and in what environment those technology demonstrations were best suited. The study identified key risks along with advantages to each entry technology. In addition, it was identified that provided the EDL concept of operations (con ops) minimized large scale transition events, there was no technology requirement for a Mars pre-cursor demonstration. Instead, NASA should take a direct path to a human-scale lander.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: JSC-CN-37782 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: M17-5888 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The total ascent vehicle mass drives performance requirements for the Mars descent systems and the Earth to Mars transportation elements. Minimizing Mars Ascent Vehicle (MAV) mass is a priority and minimizing the crew cabin size and mass is one way to do that. Human missions to Mars may utilize several small cabins where crew members could live for days up to a couple of weeks. A common crew cabin design that can perform in each of these applications is desired and could reduce the overall mission cost. However, for the MAV, the crew cabin size and mass can have a large impact on vehicle design and performance. This paper explores the sensitivities to trajectory, propulsion, crew cabin size and the benefits and impacts of using a common crew cabin design for the MAV. Results of these trades will be presented along with mass and performance estimates for the selected design.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: M17-5806 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: M17-5884 , IEEE Aerospace Conference; Mar 04, 2017 - Mar 11, 2017; Big Sky, MT; United States
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