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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (26)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple dielectric relaxation processes in an unequilibrated bisphenol-A polycarbonate (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer International 40 (1996), S. 239-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0959-8103
    Keywords: dielectric loss ; permittivity ; polycarbonate ; DC-resistance ; interfacial polarisation ; low-temperature properties ; intermediate-temperature processes ; relaxation processes ; impact strength ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Complex relative permittivity data within the ranges 0·1 Hz-3 MHz and -175°C to +200°C are presented for an unequilibrated compressionmoulded bisphenol-A polycarbonate of commercial origin (LEXAN 141). Comparisons are drawn with the nitrogen-equilibrated material in which eight distinct absorption regions have been identified. One low-frequency region common to both materials at low temperature is shown to be caused directly by a processing stabiliser. A second at high temperature is though to originate in part from an interfacial polarisation associated with a second phase of polycarbonate. An absorption observed only in the unequilibrated polycarbonate is attributed to bound water. Two intermediate-temperature losses are differentiated and delineated for the first time. Their origins and reason for diminution by annealing are examined. The multiplicity of overlapping absorptions, including a low-temperature loss region which is almost continuous at higher frequencies, is consistent with the high impact strength of polycarbonate over an extended temperature range.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endothelial cell labeling with indium-111-oxine as a marker of cell attachment to bioprosthetic surfaces (1983)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 17 (1983), S. 345-357 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Canine vascular endothelium labeled with indium-111-oxine was used as a marker of cell attachment to vascular prosthetic surfaces with complex textures. Primarily cultured and freshly harvested endothelial cells both took up the label rapidly. An average of 72% of a 32 μCi labeling dose was taken up by 1.5 × 106 cells in 10 min in serum-free medium. Over 95% of freshly labeled cells were viable by trypan blue tests and only 5% of the label was released after 1 h incubations at 37°C. Labeled and unlabeled cells had similar rates of attachment to plastic dishes. Scanning electron microscopic studies showed that labeled cells retained their ability to spread on tissue culture dishes even at low (1%) serum levels. Labeled endothelial cells seeded onto Dacron or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene vascular prostheses by methods used in current surgical models could be identified by autoradiography of microscopic sections of the prostheses, and the efficiency of cell attachment to the prosthesis could be measured by gamma counting. Indium-111 labeling affords a simple and rapid way to measure initial cell attachment to, and distribution on, vascular prosthetic materials. The method could also allow measurement of early cell loss from a flow surface in vivo by using external gamma imaging.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jbm.820170211
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A plasma process monitor/control system (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 26 (1998), S. 124-133 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: plasma etching/processing ; plasma diagnostics ; optical emission spectroscopy ; semiconductor plasma processing ; thin film manufacturing processes ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Sandia National Laboratories has developed a system to monitor plasma processes for the control of industrial applications. The system is designed to act as a fully automated, stand-alone process monitor during printed wiring board and semiconductor production runs. The monitor routinely performs data collection, analysis, process identification and error detection/correction without the need for human intervention. The monitor can also be used in research mode to allow process engineers to gather additional information about plasma processes. Because plasma processes have wide application in thin-film growth, the monitor could also be used to better understand and control myriad thin-film manufacturing processes. Surface interactions, thin-film interfaces, growth and stoichiometry are potential areas of impact.The plasma process monitor/control system consists of a computer running software developed by Sandia National Laboratories, a commercially available spectrophotometer equipped with a charge-coupled device camera, an input/output device and a fiber-optic cable. The tool is designed to be a versatile, multipurpose piece of equipment allowing automated process verification and error detection/correction, as well as a research tool. We have used the monitor for gauging the ‘state-of-health’ of plasma processes. System 1 has been at Texas Instruments in Austin, TX, since February 1996, monitoring the health of printed wiring board plasma desmear and etch-back. System 2 has been at Advanced Micro Devices in Austin, TX, since July 1996, monitoring integrated circuit multivariate oxide etch. These systems and possible benefits derived from in situ monitoring of plasma processes will be discussed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    First Atmospheric Science Results from the Mars Exploration Rovers Mini-TES (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Thermal infrared spectra of the martian atmosphere taken by the Miniature Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mini-TES) were used to determine the atmospheric temperatures in the planetary boundary layer and the column-integrated optical depth of aerosols. Mini-TES observations show the diurnal variation of the martian boundary layer thermal structure, including a near-surface superadiabatic layer during the afternoon and an inversion layer at night. Upward-looking Mini-TES observations show warm and cool parcels of air moving through the Mini-TES field of view on a time scale of 30 seconds. The retrieved dust optical depth shows a downward trend at both sites.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); Volume 306; 5702; 1750-3
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Thermal Emission Spectrometer Results: Mars Atmospheric Thermal Structure and Aerosol Distribution (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Infrared spectra returned by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) are well suited for retrieval of the thermal structure and the distribution of aerosols in the Martian atmosphere. Combined nadir- and limb-viewing spectra allow global monitoring of the atmosphere up to 0.01 mbar (65 km). We report here on the atmospheric thermal structure and the distribution of aerosols as observed thus far during the mapping phase of the Mars Global Surveyor mission. Zonal and temporal mean cross sections are used to examine the seasonal evolution of atmospheric temperatures and zonal winds during a period extending from northern hemisphere mid-summer through vernal equinox (L(sub s) = 104-360 deg). Temperature maps at selected pressure levels provide a characterization of planetary-scale waves. Retrieved atmospheric infrared dust opacity maps show the formation and evolution of regional dust storms during southern hemisphere summer. Response of the atmospheric thermal structure to the changing dust loading is observed. Maps of water-ice clouds as viewed in the thermal infrared are presented along with seasonal trends of infrared water-ice opacity. Uses of these observations for diagnostic studies of the dynamics of the atmosphere are discussed.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 6
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    The Annual Cycle of Water Vapor on Mars as Observed by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (2001)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Spectra taken by the Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) have been used to monitor the latitude, longitude, and seasonal dependence of water vapor for over one full Martian year (March 1999-March 2001). A maximum in water vapor abundance is observed at high latitudes during mid-summer in both hemispheres, reaching a maximum value of approximately 100 pr-micrometer in the north and approximately 50 pr-micrometer in the south. Low water vapor abundance (〈5 pr-micrometer) is observed at middle and high latitudes in the fall and winter of both hemispheres. There are large differences in the hemispheric (north versus south) and seasonal (perihelion versus aphelion) behavior of water vapor. The latitudinal and seasonal dependence of the decay of the northern summer water vapor maximum implies cross-equatorial transport of water to the southern hemisphere, while there is little or no corresponding transport during the decay of the southern hemisphere summer maximum. The latitude-longitude dependence of annually-averaged water vapor (corrected for topography) has a significant positive correlation with albedo and significant negative correlations with thermal inertia and surface pressure. Comparison of TES results with those retrieved from the Viking Orbiter Mars Atmospheric Water Detectors (MAWD) experiments shows some similar features, but also many significant differences. The southern hemisphere maximum observed by TES was not observed by MAWD and the large latitudinal gradient in annually-averaged water vapor observed by MAWD does not appear in the TES results.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 7
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    Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) Observations: Atmospheric Temperatures During Aerobraking and Science Phasing (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: Between September 1997, when the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft arrived at Mars, and September 1998 when the final aerobraking phase of the mission began, the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) has acquired an extensive data set spanning approximately half of a Martian year. Nadir-viewing spectral measurements from this data set within the 15-micrometers CO2 absorption band are inverted to obtain atmospheric temperature profiles from the surface up to about the 0.1 mbar level. The computational procedure used to retrieve the temperatures is presented. Mean meridional cross sections of thermal structure are calculated for periods of time near northern hemisphere fall equinox, winter solstice, and spring equinox, as well as for a time interval immediately following the onset of the Noachis Terra dust storm. Gradient thermal wind cross sections are calculated from the thermal structure. Regions of possible wave activity are identified using cross sections of rms temperature deviations from the mean. Results from both near-equinox periods show some hemispheric asymmetry with peak eastward thermal winds in the north about twice the magnitude of those in the south. The results near solstice show an intense circumpolar vortex at high northern latitudes and waves associated with the vortex jet core. Warming of the atmosphere aloft at mid-northern latitudes suggests the presence of a strong cross-equatorial Hadley circulation. Although the Noachis dust storm did not become global in scale, strong perturbations to the atmospheric structure are found, including an enhanced temperature maximum aloft at high northern latitudes resulting from intensification of the Hadley circulation. TES results for the various seasonal conditions are compared with published results from Mars general circulation models, and generally good qualitative agreement is found.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 8
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    Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) Observations of Dust Opacity During Aerobraking and Science Phasing (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at Mars in September 1997 near Mars southern spring equinox and has now provided monitoring of conditions in the Mars atmosphere for more than half a Mars year. The large majority of the spectra taken by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) are in a nadir geometry (downward looking mode) where Mars is observed through the atmosphere. Most of these contain the distinct spectral signature of atmospheric dust. For these nadir-geometry spectra we retrieve column-integrated infrared aerosol (dust) opacities. TES observations during the aerobraking and science-phasing portions of the MGS mission cover the seasonal range L(sub s)=184 deg - 28 deg. Excellent spatial coverage was obtained in the southern hemisphere. Northern hemisphere coverage is generally limited to narrow strips taken during the periapsis pass but is still very valuable. At the beginning of the mission the 9-(micron)meter dust opacity at midsouthern latitudes was low (0.15-0.25). As the season advanced through southern spring and into summer, TES observed several regional dust storms (including the Noachis dust storm of November 1997) where peak 9-(micron)meter dust opacities approached or exceeded unity, as well as numerous smaller local storms. Both large and small dust storms exhibited significant changes in both spatial coverage and intensity over a timescale of a day. Throughout southern spring and summer the region at the edge of the retreating southern seasonal polar ice cap was observed to be consistently more dusty than other latitudes.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
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  • 9
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    THEMIS Observations of Atmospheric Aerosol Optical Depth (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The Mars Odyssey spacecraft entered into Martian orbit in October 2001 and after successful aerobraking began mapping in February 2002 (approximately Ls=330 deg.). Images taken by the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) on-board the Odyssey spacecraft allow the quantitative retrieval of atmospheric dust and water-ice aerosol optical depth. Atmospheric quantities retrieved from THEMIS build upon existing datasets returned by Mariner 9, Viking, and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS). Data from THEMIS complements the concurrent MGS Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data by offering a later local time (approx. 2:00 for TES vs. approx. 4:00 - 5:30 for THEMIS) and much higher spatial resolution.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Sixth International Conference on Mars; LPI-Contrib-1164
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    TES Limb-Geometry Observations of Aerosols (2003)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-10-02
    Description: The Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) on-board Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) has a pointing mirror that allows observations in the plane of the orbit anywhere from directly nadir to far above either the forward or aft limbs for details about the TES instrument). Nadir-geometry observations are defined as those where the field-of-view contains the surface of Mars (even if the actual observation is at a high emission angle far from true nadir). Limb-geometry observations are defined as those where the line-of-sight of the observations does not intersect the surface. At a number of points along the MGS orbit (typically every 10 deg. or 20 deg. of latitude) a limb sequence is taken, which includes a stack of overlapping TES spectra from just below the limb to more than 120 km above the limb. A typical limb sequence has approx. 20 individual spectra, and the projected size of a TES pixel at the limb is 13 km.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: Sixth International Conference on Mars; LPI-Contrib-1164
    Format: text
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