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Utilization of stored messenger RNA during early aging of Jerusalem artichoke tuber slices (1978)

Byrne, Henry ; Setterfield, George

Springer

Planta 143 (1978), S. 75-83

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ISSN: 1432-2048

Keywords: Helianthus ; Poly(A)+RNA ; Polysome formation ; Protein synthesis ; Tuber slices

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Abstract Using dissociation in 0.8 M KCl, it was established that in freshly excised Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) tuber slices less than 8% of the ribosomes were in polysomes. The first hour of aging in water was the period of most rapid polysome accumulation; over 32% of the ribosomes carried nascent polypeptide chains at the end of this time. Thereafter polysome accumulation continued to increase, but more gradually. While synthesis of high-molecular-weight RNA (presumed mRNA) was inhibited more than 95% by α-amanitin during the first hour of aging, the inhibitor had no effect on polysome formation. As determined by [3H]polyuridylic acid hybridization, unaged cells contained polyadenylated RNA with a size range of 6–30S. The amount of polyadenylated RNA did not change during the first hour of aging. In control cells in water the in-vivo rate of protein synthesis increased exponentially during the first 4 h of aging without a comparable increase in polysomes. In α-amanitintreated tissues a similar increase in protein synthesis was not observed despite the presence of near control levels of polysomes. It is suggested that early polysome formation depends on stored mRNA. Inhibition of mRNA synthesis by α-amanitin prevents the normal development of an enhanced rate of protein synthesis which is not directly related to numbers of ribosomes in polysomes.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00389055

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Effects of taxol on microtubule arrays in cultured higher plant cells (1986)

Weerdenburg, Carol ; Falconer, Marcia M. ; Setterfield, George ; [et al.]

New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell

Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 6 (1986), S. 469-478

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ISSN: 0886-1544

Keywords: plant microtubules ; mitosis ; cytokinesis ; plant cell culture ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: Treatment with 10 μm taxol disrupted mitotic and cytoplasmic arrays of microtubules (MT) in cultured cells of two higher plants, Vicia hajastana (vetch) and Zinnia elegans. When treated for 1, 24, and 48 h, cells in both cultures showed similar effects. After 1 h, multipolar arrays of MT were noted in prophase, large aster-like arrays of MT appeared in metaphase, and extra MT shared poles with otherwise normal-appearing metaphase and anaphase configurations. After 24 and 48 h, some phragmoplasts were multipartite or misplaced. In interphase cells, micronuclei and multinucleate cells were evidence of irregular mitosis and cytokinesis. Cytoplasmic MT in elongated cells were oriented parallel to, instead of at right angles to the long axis of the cell. Some interphase cells lost asymmetry while maintaining organized arrays of MT. Taxol appears to disrupt mitotic and cytoplasmic arrays of MT, seemingly overriding the mechanism(s) regulating MT polymerization and orientation.

Additional Material: 5 Ill.