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  • 1
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    Portable fiber-coupled diode-laser-based sensor for multiple trace gas detection (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Tunable narrowband mid-infrared radiation from 3.25 to 4.4 micrometers is generated by a compact fiber-coupled, difference-frequency-based spectroscopic source. A 20-mW external cavity diode laser (with a tuning range from 814 to 870 nm) and a 50-mW distributed-Bragg-reflector diode-laser-seeded ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier operating at 1083 nm are difference-frequency mixed in a multi-grating, temperature-controlled periodically poled LiNbO3 crystal. A conversion efficiency of 0.44 mW/(W2cm) (corresponding to a power of approximately equal to 3 microW at 3.3 micrometers) represents the highest conversion efficiency reported for a portable device. Performance characteristics of such a sensor and its application to spectroscopic detection of CO2, N2O, H2CO, HCl, NO2, and CH4 will be reported in this work.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics (ISSN 0946-2171); Volume 69; 459-65
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  • 2
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    High-power continuous-wave mid-infrared radiation generated by difference frequency mixing of diode-laser-seeded fiber amplifiers and its application to dual-beam spectroscopy (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We report the generation of up to 0.7 mW of narrow-linewidth (〈60-MHz) radiation at 3.3 micrometers by difference frequency mixing of a Nd:YAG-seeded 1.6-W Yb fiber amplifier and a 1.5-micrometers diode-laser-seeded 0.6-W Er/Yb fiber amplifier in periodically poled LiNbO3. A conversion efficiency of 0.09%/W (0.47 mWW-2 cm-1) was achieved. A room-air CH4 spectrum acquired with a compact 80-m multipass cell and a dual-beam spectroscopic configuration indicates an absorption sensitivity of +/-2.8 x 10(-5) (+/-1 sigma), corresponding to a sub-parts-in-10(9) (ppb) CH4 sensitivity (0.8 ppb).
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Optics letters (ISSN 0146-9592); Volume 24; 23; 1744-6
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  • 3
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    Absorption spectroscopy with quantum cascade lasers (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Novel pulsed and cw quantum cascade distributed feedback (QC-DFB) lasers operating near lambda=8 micrometers were used for detection and quantification of trace gases in ambient air by means of sensitive absorption spectroscopy. N2O, 12CH4, 13CH4, and different isotopic species of H2O were detected. Also, a highly selective detection of ethanol vapor in air with a sensitivity of 125 parts per billion by volume (ppb) was demonstrated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Laser physics (ISSN 1054-660X); Volume 11; 1; 39-49
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  • 4
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    Mid-infrared trace gas detection using continuous-wave difference frequency generation in periodically poled RbTiOAsO4 (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A tunable mid-infrared continuous-wave (cw) spectroscopic source in the 3.4-4.5 micrometers region is reported, based on difference frequency generation (DFG) in a quasi-phase-matched periodically poled RbTiOAsO4 (PPRTA) crystal. DFG power levels of 10 microW were generated at approximately 4 micrometers in a 20-mm long PPRTA crystal by mixing two cw single-frequency Ti:Al2O3 lasers operating near 713 nm and 871 nm, respectively, using a laser pump power of 300 mW. A quasi-phase-matched infrared wavelength-tuning bandwidth (FWHM) of ~ 12 cm-1 and a temperature tuning rate of 1.02 cm-1/degree C were achieved. Experimental details regarding the feasibility of trace gas detection based on absorption spectroscopy of CO2 in ambient air using this DFG radiation source are also described.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics (ISSN 0946-2171); Volume 72; 7; 873-6
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  • 5
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    Spectroscopic detection of biological NO with a quantum cascade laser (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Two configurations of a continuous wave quantum cascade distributed feedback laser-based gas sensor for the detection of NO at a parts per billion (ppb) concentration level, typical of biomedical applications, have been investigated. The laser was operated at liquid nitrogen temperature near lambda = 5.2 microns. In the first configuration, a 100 m optical path length multi-pass cell was employed to enhance the NO absorption. In the second configuration, a technique based on cavity-enhanced spectroscopy (CES) was utilized, with an effective path length of 670 m. Both sensors enabled simultaneous analysis of NO and CO2 concentrations in exhaled air. The minimum detectable NO concentration was found to be 3 ppb with a multi-pass cell and 16 ppb when using CES. The two techniques are compared, and potential future developments are discussed.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics (ISSN 0946-2171); Volume 72; 7; 859-63
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  • 6
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    Trace gas absorption spectroscopy using laser difference-frequency spectrometer for environmental application (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A widely tunable infrared spectrometer based on difference frequency generation (DFG) has been developed for organic trace gas detection by laser absorption spectroscopy. On-line measurements of concentration of various hydrocarbons, such as acetylene, benzene, and ethylene, were investigated using high-resolution DFG trace gas spectroscopy for highly sensitive detection.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Laser physics (ISSN 1054-660X); Volume 11; 5; 594-9
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  • 7
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    Development of an automated diode-laser-based multicomponent gas sensor (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The implementation and application of a portable fiber-coupled trace-gas sensor for the detection of several trace gases, including CO2, CH4, and H2CO, are reported. This particular sensor is based on a cw fiber-amplified near-infrared (distributed Bragg reflector) diode laser and an external cavity diode laser that are frequency converted in a periodically poled lithium niobate crystal to the mid-IR spectroscopic fingerprint region (3.3-4.4 micrometers). A continuous absorption spectrum of CH4 and H2CO from 3.37 to 3.10 micrometers with a spectral resolution of 40 MHz (approximately 0.0013 cm-1) demonstrated the spectral performance that can be achieved by means of automated wavelength tuning and phase matching with stepper motor control. Autonomous long-term detection of ambient CO2 and CH4 over a 3- and 7-day period was also demonstrated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Applied optics (ISSN 0003-6935); Volume 39; 24; 4444-50
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  • 8
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    Yb fiber laser pumped mid-IR source based on difference frequency generation and its application to ammonia detection (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A Yb fiber laser pumped cw narrow-linewidth tunable mid-IR source based on a difference frequency generation (DFG) in a periodically poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) crystal for trace gas detection was demonstrated. A high power Yb fiber laser and a distributed feedback (DFB) laser diode were used as DFG pump sources. This source generated mid-IR at 3 microns with a powers of ~2.5 microW and a spectral linewidth of less than 30 MHz. A frequency tuning range of 300 GHz (10 cm-1) was obtained by varying the current and temperature of the DFB laser diode. A high-resolution NH3 absorption Doppler-broadened spectrum at 3295.4 cm-1 (3.0345 microns) was obtained at a cell pressure of 27 Pa from which a detection sensitivity of 24 ppm m was estimated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Japanese journal of applied physics (ISSN 0021-4922); Volume 40 Pt 1; 2A; 625-8
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  • 9
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    Novel diode laser-based sensors for gas sensing applications (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The development of compact spectroscopic gas sensors and their applications to environmental sensing will be described. These sensors employ mid-infrared difference-frequency generation (DFG) in periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystals pumped by two single-frequency solid state lasers such as diode lasers, diode-pumped solid state, and fiber lasers. Ultrasensitive, highly selective, and real-time measurements of several important atmospheric trace gases, including carbon monoxide, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde [correction of formaldehye], and methane, have been demonstrated.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Laser physics (ISSN 1054-660X); Volume 10; 1; 348-54
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  • 10
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    Mid-infrared difference-frequency generation source pumped by 1.1-1.5 micrometer dual-wavelength fiber amplifier for trace-gas detection (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Continuous-wave mid-infrared radiation near 3.5 micrometers is generated by difference-frequency mixing of the output of a compact 1.1-1.5 micrometer dual-wavelength fiber amplifier in periodically poled LiNbO3. The diode side-pumped amplifier is constructed with double-cladding Yb-doped fiber followed by single-mode Er/Yb codoped fiber. Output powers of as much as 11 microW at 3.4 micrometers are obtained, and spectroscopic detection of CH4 and H2CO is demonstrated. c 1998 Optical Society of America.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Optics letters (ISSN 0146-9592); Volume 23; 19; 1517-9
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