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  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (8)
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  • 1
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    Mojave remote sensing field experiment (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The Mojave Remote Sensing Field Experiment (MFE), conducted in June 1988, involved acquisition of Thermal Infrared Multispectral Scanner (TIMS); C, L, and P-band polarimetric radar (AIRSAR) data; and simultaneous field observations at the Pisgah and Cima volcanic fields, and Lavic and Silver Lake Playas, Mojave Desert, California. A LANDSAT Thematic Mapper (TM) scene is also included in the MFE archive. TM-based reflectance and TIMS-based emissivity surface spectra were extracted for selected surfaces. Radiative transfer procedures were used to model the atmosphere and surface simultaneously, with the constraint that the spectra must be consistent with field-based spectral observations. AIRSAR data were calibrated to backscatter cross sections using corner reflectors deployed at target sites. Analyses of MFE data focus on extraction of reflectance, emissivity, and cross section for lava flows of various ages and degradation states. Results have relevance for the evolution of volcanic plains on Venus and Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990; p 296-297
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  • 2
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    Relationships between topographic roughness and aeolian processes (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The interaction between winds and desert surfaces has important implications for sediment transport on Earth, Mars, and Venus, and for understanding the relationships between radar backscatter and aerodynamic roughness as part of the NASA Shuttle Imaging radar (SIR-C) Mission. Here, researchers report results from measurements of boundary layer wind profiles and surface roughness at sites in Death Valley and discuss their implications. The sites included a flat to undulating gravel and sand reg, alluvial fans, and a playa. Estimates of average particle size composition of Death Valley sites and arithmetic mean values of aerodynamic roughness are given in tabular form.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990; p 195-197
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  • 3
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    Mars: Morphology of Southern Hemisphere intracrater dunefields (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Viking Orbiter images of intracrater dunefields in the Noachis Terra region were examined in order to study the morphology of these landforms and to assess their relationship to local geological settings. The sizes of the dunefields range from 40 to 3600 sq km and vary directly with crater size. Preliminary studies reveal dunefields of two varieties. The most common type is composed of massed straight to slightly wavy crescentic dunes similar to those described by Breed. Dunefields of this type occupy more than 20% of the area of the crater floor, with the dunefield margins often marked by a large dune wall or rampart. Dune spacing ranges between 0.7 and 1.2 km. The second type of dune accumulation consists of clusters of large, widely spaced straight or curved ridges, which often intersect to create rectilinear patterns. Dunes are typically spaced 1.6 to 4 km apart. Earth terrestrial analogs for these dunes are discussed.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 264-265
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  • 4
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    Observations of industrial sulfur flows and implications for Io (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The possibility of sulfur flows on the Jovian satellite Io is discussed. Although the primary problem is lack of sufficient information to resolve the issue, interpretations of existing data are hampered by poor knowledge of the thermal properties and rheologic behavior of sulfur flows, especially under conditions present on Io. Relatively few natural sulfur flows occur on Earth and only one has been seen in active flow. However, recent observations of industrial sulfur flows, which are much larger than those produced experimentally, may provide important information concerning natural sulfur flows on both Earth and Io.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986; p 514-516
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  • 5
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    Use of radar to assess aeolian processes (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Description: The interaction between wind and desert surfaces has important implications for sediment transport on Earth, Mars, and Venus, and for understanding the relationship between radar backscatter and aerodynamic roughness. Here, researchers report results from measurements of atmospheric boundary layer profiles, assessment of radar backscatter at P, L, and C wavelengths, and surface roughness in Death Valley, the Mojave Desert, and Lunar Lake, NV, and discuss the implications for aeolian process. The sites include playas, gravel and sand regs, alluvial fans, and lava flows. Boundary layer wind profiles were measured using anemometers at heights of 0.75, 1.25, 2.07, 3.44, 5.72, and 9.5 m; temperature sensors at heights of 1.3 and 9.6 m; and wind vanes at 9.7 and 1.5 m. Microtopographic measurements were made using a template and a laser-photo device to obtain RMS height. This study demonstrates that radar backscatter coefficients obtained from airborne and perhaps orbiting instruments could permit the derivation of aerodynamic roughness values for large areas. Such values, when combined with wind frequency data, could enable assessment of aeolian processes on a regional scale.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA, Washington, Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990; p 198
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  • 6
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    A bibliography of dunes: Earth, Mars, and Venus (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Dunes are important depositional landforms and sedimentary environments on Earth and Mars, and may be important on Venus. The similarity of dune forms on Earth and Mars, together with the dynamic similarity of aeolian processes on the terrestrial planets indicates that it is appropriate to interpret dune forms and processes on Mars and Venus by using analog studies. However, the literature on dune studies is large and scattered. The aim of this bibliography is to assist investigators by providing a literature resource on techniques which have proved successful in elucidating dune characteristics and processes on Earth, Mars, and Venus. This bibliography documents the many investigations of dunes undertaken in the last century. It concentrates on studies of inland dunes in both hot and cold desert regions on Earth and includes investigations of coastal dunes only if they discuss matters of general significance for dune sediments, processes, or morphology.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-4149 , NAS 1.26:4149
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  • 7
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    Radar-aeolian roughness project (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The objective is to establish an empirical relationship between measurements of radar, aeolian, and surface roughness on a variety of natural surfaces and to understand the underlying physical causes. This relationship will form the basis for developing a predictive equation to derive aeolian roughness from radar backscatter. Results are given from investigations carried out in 1989 on the principal elements of the project, with separate sections on field studies, radar data analysis, laboratory simulations, and development of theory for planetary applications.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-CR-4378 , NAS 1.26:4378
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  • 8
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    Sediment volume in the north polar sand seas of Mars (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Data from studies of the cross-sectional area of terrestrial transverse dunes have been combined with maps of dune morphometry derived from Viking orbiter images to generate new estimates of sediment thickness and dune sediment volume in the north polar sand seas of Mars. A relationship between dune spacing and equivalent sediment thickness was developed from field data on Namibian and North American dunes and was applied to data on dune spacing and dune cover measured on Viking orbiter images to generate maps of dune sediment thickness for Martian north polar sand seas. There are four major sand seas in the north polar region of Mars, covering an area of 680,000 sq km. Equivalent sediment thickness ranges between 0.5 and 6.1 m with a mean of 1.8 m. The sand seas contain a total of 1158 cu km of dune sediment, which may have been derived by erosion of polar layered deposits and concentrated in its present location by winds that change direction seasonally.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10921-10
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