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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: This book contains the successful invited submissions to a Special Issue of Symmetry on the subject of ""Graph Theory"". Although symmetry has always played an important role in Graph Theory, in recent years, this role has increased significantly in several branches of this field, including but not limited to Gromov hyperbolic graphs, the metric dimension of graphs, domination theory, and topological indices. This Special Issue includes contributions addressing new results on these topics, both from a theoretical and an applied point of view.
    Keywords: QA1-939 ; Q1-390 ; Zagreb indices ; domination ; Devaney chaos ; rotationally-symmetric convex polytopes ; topologically mixing ; geometric arithmetic index ; connectivity ; Metric dimension ; atom-bond connectivity ABC index ; distinguishing number ; gear graph ; titanium difluoride ; algorithm ; generalized gear graph ; general Randi? index ; cuprite ; atom bond connectivity index ; binary locating-domination number ; basis ; hypercyclicity ; functigraph ; complete graph ; alpha-boron nanotube ; general randi? index ; geodesics ; inverse degree index ; Hex-Derived Cage networks ; metric dimension ; dominating set ; bipartite graphs ; products of graphs ; geometric-arithmetic GA index ; direct product of graphs ; gromov hyperbolicity ; secure resolving set and secure resolving domination ; topological indices ; graph operators ; resolving set ; harmonic index ; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ; ILP models ; disjointness ; topological transitivity ; Gromov hyperbolicity ; metric basis ; harmonic polynomial ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Atmospheric circulation leads to an accumulation of debris from meteors in the Antarctic stratosphere at the beginning of austral spring. The major component of meteoric material is alkaline, comprised predominantly of the oxides of magnesium and iron. These metals may neutralize the natural acidity of stratospheric aerosols, remove nitric acid from the gas phase, and bond it as metal nitrates in the aerosol phase. Removal of nitric acid vapor has been previously shown to be a critical link in the photochemical depletion of ozone in the Antarctic spring, by allowing for increased catalytic loss from chlorine and bromine.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 1-4
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: New kinetic data yielding a slower formation rate and larger absorption cross sections of Cl2O2 are incorporated into a photochemical model to reassess the role of chlorine chemistry in accounting for the ozone reductions derived from TOMS observations in different regions of the Antarctic polar vortex during 1987. The model is further constrained by existing measurements from the Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment and the National Ozone Expedition II. Calculated concentrations of ClO based on the new kinetic data increase by almost a factor of two between the collar and core regions of the vortex during the second half of September. The calculated ozone reductions in the vortex core appear to be consistent with the TOMS observations in spite of the slower rate for the self-reaction of ClO.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 255-258
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Results are presented from a 2D model of the troposphere and stratosphere which allows the derivation of a budget for CO, as well as the assessment of contributions from different sources in maintaining observed CO concentrations. Attention is given to the results of a time-dependent calculation which evaluates the impact of present-day biomass burning on CO, OH, and CH4, as well as the time constants for the system to respond to changes in the biomass source.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Theories have been proposed to relate the reduction of O3 during Antarctic spring to catalytic cycles involving chlorine and bromine species. A necessary condition for any chlorine-catalyzed scheme is that a large fraction of the chlorine must be in the form of ClO in the lower stratosphere. It has been suggested that these high levels of ClO could be maintained by fast heterogeneous reactions, whose rates are not known at present. Model calculations based on the above mechanisms predict considerable amounts of OClO and Cl2O2, particularly during the night. Results of calculations of the diurnal variations of ClO, OClO, and Cl2O2 during Antarctic spring are presented for different cases. Results from the calculations suggest that coincident measurements of the total column abundance and diurnal variation of ClO and OClO may help constrain key aspects of the proposed chemical mechanisms. Removal of O3 by the catalytic cycle involving Cl2O2 could be as important as that involving BrO for present levels of chlorine, provided that Cl2O2 photolyzes rapidly to yield Cl and ClO2. It is shown that there is no synergy between these two cycles, since they both compete for the available ClO.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: (ISSN 0094-8276); 13; 1292-129
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Occurrence of heterogeneous reactions on the surface of polar stratospheric clouds (PSC) is a necessary component of the Cl-related chemical mechanisms proposed to explain the recently observed decrease of O3 during Antarctic spring. A one-dimensional model is used to assess the impact of these heterogeneous reactions on future global O3 trends if they were to occur on the global aerosol layer. The impact of these reactions on the concentration of Cl species in the present-day atmosphere is also calculated. The reaction (ClNO3 + HCl) could have a large impact on stratospheric O3. A fast rate for this reaction would greatly enhance the present concentration of ClO and reduce the abundance of HCl in the lower stratosphere. Because of the large differences between the Antarctic and global environments, the calculated global O3 trends are smaller than those calculated for Antarctica.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 15; 257-260
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