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  • 1
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    Reference model for CH4 and N2O and trends (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Data from the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder on Nimbus 7 were used as the basis for a model of the abundances of nitrous oxide and methane in the stratosphere. A version of this was produced two years ago (Taylor, Dudhia, and Rodgers - hereafter called the original paper) and in this new paper some of the possible error sources and long term trends are considered in more detail. The principle source of error in the SAMS retrievals is thought to be the use of climatological ozone profiles to invert the temperature profile data. However, it was found that the effect is too small, and of the opposite sign, to explain the discrepancies between satellite and in situ measurements, noted in the original paper. As expected, no systematic trends which exceed the estimated error in the data are found in either methane or nitrous oxide.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 31: Reference Models of Trace Species for the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere; p 80-84
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  • 2
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    Proposed reference models for nitrous oxide and methane in the middle atmosphere (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Data from the Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) on the Nimbus 7 satellite, for the period from Jan. 1979 - Dec. 1981, are used to prepare a reference model for the long-lived trace gases, methane and nitrous oxide, in the stratosphere. The model is presented in tabular form on seventeen pressure surfaces from 20 to 0.1 mb, in 10 degree latitude bins from 50S to 70N, and for each month of the year. The means by which the data quality and interannual variability, and some of the more interesting globally and seasonally variable features of the data are discussed briefly.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 31: Reference Models of Trace Species for the COSPAR International Reference Atmosphere; p 67-79
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  • 3
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    Nimbus-7 Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) experiment data user's guide (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (SAMS) aboard Nimbus-7 observes infrared radiation from the atmospheric limb. Global upper atmosphere temperature profiles and vertical concentrations of H2O, NO, N2O, CH4 and CO2 are derived from these measurements. The status of all channels was carefully monitored. Temperature and composition were retrieved from the measurements by linearizing the direct equation about an a priori profile and using an optimum statistical estimator to find the most likely solution. The derived temperature and composition profiles are archived on two tape products whose file structure and record formats are described in detail. The gridded retrieved temperature tape (GRID-T) contains daily day and night average temperatures at 62 pressure levels in a 2.5 degree latitude by 10 degree longitude grid extending from 67.5 degrees N to 50 degrees S. The zonal mean methane and nitrous oxide composition tape (ZMT-G) contains zonal mean day and night average CH4 and N2O mixing ratios at 31 pressure levels for 2.5 degrees latitude zones extending from 67.5 degrees N to 50 degrees S.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-RP-1221 , NAS 1.61:1221 , REPT-89B00074
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  • 4
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    Remote temperature sounding in the presence of cloud by zenith scanning (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The principles of remote sounding of vertical temperature profiles in planetary atmospheres containing cloud layers are presented for an approach that uses measurements at different angles to the local vertical to eliminate the unknown cloud effects. A numerical example for a model of the earth's atmosphere shows that soundings separated by 40 deg in zenith angle permit the recovery of the temperature profile with an error that is not significantly greater than that obtained in the clear atmosphere case, and without serious horizontal smear. It is proposed that the method will be valuable for the interpretation of measurements made by instruments on spin-stabilized spacecraft on planetary missions, since in these cases the required angular coverage is obtained automatically for most trajectories.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Applied Optics; 13; July 197
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  • 5
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    Dating earthquakes with high-precision thorium-230 ages of very young corals (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Three corals from Vanuatu Islands, whose ages were known from counting annual growth bands, were analyzed by Th-230 age analysis to asses the accuracy of the Th-230 method. The comparison of Th-230 ages with the growth-band ages showed that the Th-230 ages were accurate within an error of + or - 3-5 y. Th-230 dates were then determined for two adjacent emerged heads from Santo Island; the dates were the same, indicating that the heads died at the same time, and consistent with the theory that they were killed by coseismic emergence around 1865 AD. The difference between this data and the data of the only major historically documented earthquake that caused an uplift (1973) suggests a seismic recurrence interval of 108 + or - 4 y for Santo. It is suggested that this approach may be extended back in time and to other localities.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Earth and Planetary Science Letters (ISSN 0012-821X); 90; 4; 371-381
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  • 6
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    Infrared Remote Sensing Of The Martian Atmosphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Distributions of temperature dust, vapors, and condensates measured. Report describes design and intended uses of developmental pressure-modulator infrared readimeter, PMIRR, carried aboard Mars Observer spacecraft. Applies remote-sensing techniques used to study atmosphere of Earth. Takes similar measurements from polar orbit around Mars. Nine-channel atmospheric sounder that employs filter and pressure-modulation gas-correlation infrared radiometry.
    Keywords: PHYSICAL SCIENCES
    Type: NPO-17353 , NASA Tech Briefs (ISSN 0145-319X); 12; 11; P. 52
    Format: text
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