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  • Fisheries  (64)
  • Nitrite reductase  (8)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appearance of nitrite reductase in cotyledons of the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling as affected by nitrate, phytochrome and photooxidative damage of plastids (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 168 (1986), S. 369-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nitrate assimilation ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome ; Plastidic signal ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrite reductase (NIR; EC 1.7.7.1) is a central enzyme in nitrate assimilation and is localized in plastids. The present study concerns the regulation of the appearance of NIR in cotyledons of the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling. It was shown that light exerts its positive control over the nitrate-mediated induction of NIR via the farred-absorbing form of phytochrome. Without nitrate the light effect cannot express itself; even though the light signal is accumulated in the cotyledons it remains totally cryptic in the absence of nitrate. Moreover, it was recognised that ‘intact plastids’ are important in the control of the appearance of NIR. If the plastids are damaged by photooxidation the action of nitrate and phytochrome on NIR appearance is abolished. The appearance of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) responds similarly to photooxidative damage even though this enzyme is cytosolic. While the data strongly indicate that some ‘plastidic signal’ is a prerequisite for the nitrate-induced and phytochrome-modulated appearance of NIR and NR, the possibility could not be ruled out that photooxidative damage affects the accumulation of NIR in the organelle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392362
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors involved in the coordinate appearance of nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase in the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 429-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glutamine synthetase ; Nitrate (as inductor) ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome (as inductor) ; Sinapis (nitrate assimilation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extent to which the appearances of nitrite reductase (NIR; EC 1.7.7.1) and glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) are coordinated was studied in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. It was established by immunotitration that the increased activities of NIR and GS in the presence of light and nitrate can be attributed to the de-novo synthesis of enzyme protein. The bulk of the NIR and GS was found in the developing cotyledons. In the absence of nitrate in the growth medium there was no coordinate appearance of NIR and GS. While light strongly stimulated the appearance of GS, the level of NIR was hardly affected and remained low. On the other hand, in the presence of nitrate in the medium the appearances of NIR and GS were strictly coordinated, the GS level being considerably above that of NIR. It is argued that phytochrome-controlled synthesis of GS in the absence of nitrate is part of the mechanism to reassimilate ammonium liberated during proteolysis of storage protein and metabolism of the resulting amino acids, whereas the strictly coordinated synthesis in the presence of light and nitrate indicates the dominance of nitrate assimilation under these circumstances. The fact that the level of GS was always considerably above that of NIR appears to be a safety measure to prevent ammonium accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00198796
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological characterization of a plastidic signal required for nitrate-induced appearance of nitrate and nitrite reductases (1988)
    Springer
    Planta 174 (1988), S. 75-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nitrate reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome ; Plastidic signal ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We compared the response of NO 3 - -induced nitrate-reductase (NR) and nitrite-reductase (NIR) levels in virtually carotenoid-free far-red-light-grown mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cotyledons following a photooxidative treatment of the plastids. The cytosolic localization of NR and the plastidic localization of NIR were confirmed with this approach. Emphasis was on a plastidic factor previously postulated to be involved obligatorily in the transcriptional control of nuclear genes coding for proteins destined for the chloroplast. Photooxidative damage of the plastid would be to destroy the ability of the organelle to send off this signal. Dependency of NIR and NR induction by NO 3 - on the plastidic factor is described in detail, and it is concluded that requirement for the plastidic factor is relatively high in the case of NR while factor requirement to allow induction is low in the case of NIR. The data indicate that in the case of NIR the photooxidative damage done to the plastid also affects accumulation of the enzyme directly. Since this effect is absent in the case of cytosolic NR, induction of NR is a particularly suitable system for further molecular studies of the plastidic factor and its mode of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394876
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ammonium and nitrate on growth and appearance of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in dark- and light-grown mustard seedlings (1986)
    Springer
    Planta 169 (1986), S. 594-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: NH 4 + -toxicity ; Nitrate assimilation ; Nitrate reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome ; Sinapis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrate-induced and phytochrome-modulated appearance of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NIR; EC 1.7.7.1) in the cotyledons of the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling is strongly affected by externally supplied ammonium (NH 4 + ). In short-term experiments between 60 and 78 h after sowing it was found that in darkness NH 4 + —simultaneously given with NO 3 - —strongly inhibits appearance of nitrate-inducible NR and NIR whereas in continuous far-red light—which operates exclusively via phytochrome without significant chlorophyll formation —NH 4 + (simultaneously given with NO 3 - ) strongly stimulates appearance of NR. The NIR levels are not affected. This indicates that NR and NIR levels are regulated differently. In the absence of external NO 3 - appearance of NR is induced by NH4 in darkness as well as in continuous far-red light whereas NIR levels are not affected. On the other hand, in the absence of external NO 3 - , exogenous NH 4 + strongly inhibits growth of the mustard seedling in darkness as well as in continuous far-red light. This effect can be abolished by simultaneously supplying NO 3 - . The adverse effect of NH 4 + on growth (‘NH 4 + -toxicity’) cannot be attributed to pH-changes in the medium since it was shown that neither the growth responses nor the changes of the enzyme levels are related to pH changes in the medium. Non-specific osmotic effects are not involved either.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00392112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Signal storage in phytochrome action on nitrate-mediated induction of nitrate and nitrite reductases in mustard seedling cotyledons (1987)
    Springer
    Planta 171 (1987), S. 136-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Nitrate reductase ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome ; Signal (storage, transduction) ; Sinapis (phytochrome)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Application of nitrate leads to an induction of nitrate reductase (NR; EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NIR; EC 1.7.7.1) in the cotyledons of dark-grown mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings, and this induction can strongly be promoted by a far-red-light pretreatment — operating through phytochrome — prior to nitrate application. This light treatment is almost ineffective — as far as enzyme appearance is concerned — if no nitrate is given. When nitrate is applied, the stored light signal potentiates the appearance of NR and NIR in darkness, even in the absence of active phytochrome, to the same extent as continuous far-red light. This action of previously stored light signal lasts for approx. 12 h. Storage of the light signal was measured for NR and NIR. The process shows enzyme-specific differences. Storage occurs in the absence as well as in the presence of nitrate, i.e. irrespective of whether or not enzyme synthesis takes place. The kinetics of signal transduction and signal storage indicate that the formation and action of the stored signal are a bypass to the process of direct signal transduction. Signal storage is possibly a means of enabling the plant to maintain the appropriate levels of NR and NIR during the dark period of the natural light/dark cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395077
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors involved in the coordinate appearance of nitrite reductase and glutamine synthetase in the mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedling (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 180 (1990), S. 429-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Glutamine synthetase ; Nitrate (as inductor) ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome (as inductor) ; Sinapis (nitrate assimilation)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The extent to which the appearances of nitrite reductase (NIR; EC 1.7.7.1) and glutamine synthetase (GS; EC 6.3.1.2) are coordinated was studied in mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seedlings. It was established by immunotitration that the increased activities of NIR and GS in the presence of light and nitrate can be attributed to the de-novo synthesis of enzyme protein. The bulk of the NIR and GS was found in the developing cotyledons. In the absence of nitrate in the growth medium there was no coordinate appearance of NIR and GS. While light strongly stimulated the appearance of GS, the level of NIR was hardly affected and remained low. On the other hand, in the presence of nitrate in the medium the appearances of NIR and GS were strictly coordinated, the GS level being considerably above that of NIR. It is argued that phytochrome-controlled synthesis of GS in the absence of nitrate is part of the mechanism to reassimilate ammonium liberated during proteolysis of storage protein and metabolism of the resulting amino acids, whereas the strictly coordinated synthesis in the presence of light and nitrate indicates the dominance of nitrate assimilation under these circumstances. The fact that the level of GS was always considerably above that of NIR appears to be a safety measure to prevent ammonium accumulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01160400
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Appearance of nitrite-reductase mRNA in mustard seedling cotyledons is regulated by phytochrome (1990)
    Springer
    Planta 181 (1990), S. 327-334 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gene expression (control points) ; Nitrate ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome ; Sinapis (phytochrome)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nitrate reductase (NR, EC 1.6.6.1) and nitrite reductase (NIR, EC 1.7.7.1) are the key enzymes of nitrate reduction. It is well established that the appearance of these enzymes is “induced” by nitrate, and it is generally believed that NR is cytosolic while NIR is plastidic. In mustard (Sinapis alba L.) cotyledons we observed two isoforms of NIR (NIR1 and NIR2) using a chromato-focusing technique. Only one of them (NIR2) disappeared when the plastids were damaged by photooxidation in the presence of Norflurazon. It is concluded that NIR2 is plastidic while NIR1 is extraplastidic and not affected by photooxidation of the plastids. Both isoforms appear to have the same molecular weight (60 kilodaltons, kDa). Two distinct translation products which could be immunoprecipitated with NIR antiserum produced against total NIR from mustard were observed which differed slightly in molecular weight (60 versus 63 kDa). The 63-kDa polypeptide was considered to be the precursor of NIR2. While synthesis of NIR protein depended largely on nitrate, the levels of in-vitro-translatable NIR mRNAs were found to be either independent of nitrate and light (NIR1) or controlled by phytochrome only (NIR2). It appears that phytochrome strongly stimulates the level of mRNA while significant enzyme synthesis (NIR2) takes place only in the presence of relatively large amounts of nitrate. Since an increased enzyme level was strictly correlated with an increase of immunoresponsive NIR protein it is improbable that activation of a precursor plays a role. Rather, it is concluded that, in situ, nitrate controls translation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195884
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of a nitrite-reductase 3.1-kilobase upstream regulatory sequence from spinach to nitrate and light in transgenic tobacco (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 189 (1993), S. 440-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Gene expression ; Nitrate ; Nitrite reductase ; Phytochrome ; Transgenic tobacco ; Nicotiana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the present study the question was addressed of whether the nitrite-reductase (NIR-)promoter from spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.), fused to a reporter gene (bacterial β-glucuronidase, GUS) and introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) responds to nitrate and light in accordance with spinach (donor) or in accordance with tobacco (host). The data obtained at the GUS enzyme level as well as at the transcript level allow an unambiguous answer to this question: GUS gene expression under the control of the NIR-promoter from spinach responds to nitrate and light in accordance with the host (tobacco). Expression of the promoter-less GUS gene was not induced by any treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194443
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  • 9
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    Zwirnnetze in der Ostsee für Plattfische fängiger als Multimononetze (2021)
    In:  osf@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4415 | 1240 | 2012-11-11 17:28:47 | 4415 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Engineering ; fishing technique ; net construction ; selectivity
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 16-18
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  • 10
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    Über die Zunahme des Steinbutts in der westlichen Ostsee und seine Bedeutung für die Stellnetzfischerei (2021)
    In:  osf@vti.bund.de | http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/4492 | 1240 | 2012-11-11 18:00:36 | 4492 | Bundesforschungsanstalt für Fischerei
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-03
    Description: Über die Situation der Nutzfischbestände in der westlichen Ostsee gab es in den vergangenen Jahren aus Sicht des Stellnetzfischers nur selten etwas Positives zu berichten. Abgesehen vom Hering, dessen Befischung wegen der mangelnden Absatzmöglichkeiten und ungenügenden Preisen kaum lonte, gingen fast alle übrigen Arten rapide zurück. Scholle und Makrele sind schon seit einem Jahrzehnt praktisch verschwunden. Der Dorschbestand ist in den letzten fünf Jahren so weit zusammengeschmolzen, daß eine genügende Erzeugung von Nachwuchs nicht mehr gesichert erscheint. Selbst bei Flunder und Kliesche ist in jüngster Zeit eine deutliche Abnahme zu bemerken. Die Ursachen hierfür sind wohl teils die Überfischung, teils aber auch in dem Ausfall von mehreren nachwuchsjahrgängen zu sehen. Letzteres steht sicherlich mit der zunehmenden Verschlechterung der wasserqualität sowohl in den tieferen Becken der Ostsee - den Laichgebieten von Dorsch und Scholle - als auch in den Flußmündungen und Uferzonen - den Aufwuchsgebieten der meisten Jungfische - in direktem Zusammenhang.
    Description: Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries began publishing the Informationen aus der Fischereiforschung = Information on Fishery research in 2010
    Keywords: Fisheries ; set net fisheries ; Baltic Sea ; Psetta maxima ; Turbot ; fishing technique
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 142-145
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