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  • Environmental Sciences.  (1)
  • Producer-consumer interactions  (1)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Keywords: Life sciences. ; Ecology . ; Environment. ; Agriculture. ; Pharmacology. ; Life Sciences. ; Ecology. ; Environmental Sciences. ; Agriculture. ; Pharmacology.
    Description / Table of Contents: 1. What is the problem? Pesticides in our everyday life -- 2. Pesticide impacts on the environment, and humans -- 3. Where are the solutions to the pesticide problem?
    Abstract: This book is a sound science report about the consequences of pesticides to nature, health and environment. The book shares essential insights into the use of pesticides in agriculture, discusses the politics, rhetoric and profits involved, addresses the potential health and ecological risks of pesticides in our daily lives, and debates possible solutions. Is agriculture without pesticides possible at all? Moreover, the author gives insight into his scientific work, the set-up of the experiments, and also writes about his very own experiences with the media and press after publication of his studies. For many years, Johann G. Zaller, an ecologist at the University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences in Vienna, and his team, have been researching applied chemicals and their effects on the environment. Their findings, together with relevant literature and media reports, are presented in this book, which offers a unique resource for anyone who wants to know the nature and background of pesticides and how we come into contact with them in our daily lives. Ever ate an apple? Read this book!
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: XV, 305 p. 9 illus., 7 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2020.
    ISBN: 9783030505301
    DDC: 570
    Language: English
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 111 (1997), S. 249-254 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Carbon dioxide enrichment ; Cast production ; Cast C and N ; Lumbricidae ; Producer-consumer interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Earthworms make up the dominant fraction of the biomass of soil animals in most temperate grasslands and have important effects on the structure and function of these ecosystems. We hypothesized that the effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 on soil moisture and plant biomass production would increase earthworm activity, expressed as surface cast production. Using a screen-aided CO2 control facility (open top and open bottom rings), eight 1.2-m2 grassland plots in Switzerland have been maintained since March 1994 at ambient CO2 concentrations (350 μl CO2 l−1) and eight at elevated CO2 (610 μl CO2 l−1). Cumulative earthworm surface cast production measured 40 times over 1 year (April 1995–April 1996) in plots treated with elevated CO2 (2206 g dry mass m−2 year−1) was 35% greater (P〈0.05) than that measured in plant communities maintained at ambient CO2 (1633 g dry mass m−2 year−1). At these rates of surface cast production, worms would require about 100 years to egest the equivalent of the amount of soil now found in the Ah horizon (top 15 cm) under current ambient CO2 concentrations, and 75 years under elevated CO2. Elevated atmospheric CO2 had no influence on the seasonality of earthworm activity. Cumulative surface cast production measured over the 7-week period immediately following the 6-week summer dry period in 1995 (no surface casting) was positively correlated (P〈0.05) with the mean soil water content calculated over this dry and subsequent wetter period, when viewed across all treatments. However, no correlations were observed with soil temperature or with annual aboveground plant biomass productivity. No CO2-related differences were observed in total nitrogen (Ntot) and organic carbon (Corg) concentration of surface casts, although concentrations of both elements varied seasonally. The CO2-induced increase in earthworm surface casting activity corresponded to a 30% increase of the amount of Ntot (8.9 mg N m−2 vs. 6.9 mg N m−2) and Corg (126 mg C m−2 vs. 94 mg C m−2) egested by the worms in one year. Thus, our results demonstrate an important indirect stimulatory effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 on earthworm activity which may have profound effects on ecosystem function and plant community structure in the long term.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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