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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of new-firm startups in Italy (1996)
    Springer
    Empirica 23 (1996), S. 91-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Entry ; Startup ; Self-Employment ; L10
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to apply a modified version of the “income choice” model to explain variations in new-firm formation across Italian provinces over the period 1985–1988. Based on a panel data of startup activity in 78 Italian provinces and using two different data bases, we find support for the overall theory of income choice where individuals choose between earning wages from an incumbent enterprise or else profits from starting a new firm. In particular, the evidence suggests that labor market conditions such as wages and the relative impact of labor dislocation, profits, and environmental factors such as the degree to which entrepreneurial networks already exist, shape the degree to which new firms are started.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00925009
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The measurement of entry rates: Reply (1995)
    Springer
    Empirica 22 (1995), S. 159-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Entry ; industrial organization ; regional economics ; unemployment ; LO ; L1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to respond to the comment by James H. Love on our 1991 paper inEmpirica explicitly examining the impact that the two distinct methods used to measure entry rates have had in influences made from statistical analyses. While we generally concur with Love's extension of our original paper, we do suggest that both theecological approach to measuring entry rates as well as thelabor market approach has an important contribution to make. What determines which method should be used to measure entry is the fundamental question being addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01384652
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the measurement of entry rates (1994)
    Springer
    Empirica 21 (1994), S. 105-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6911
    Keywords: Entry ; Germany ; regions ; new firm startups ; L0 ; L1
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to explicitly examine the impact that two distinct methods used to measure entry have on identifying the determinants of entry. The two approaches can be termed as the ecological approach and the labor market approach. Based on new business startups in 75 regional markets in West Germany, we find that the two different methods for measuring entry yield disparate results. Most strikingly, we find that the ecological approach yields a positive relationship between unemployment and startup activity, while the labor market approach points to a negative impact of unemployment on the startup of new firms. By decomposing these two measures we offer a reconciliation of what appears to be a measurement contradiction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01383974
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The rate of hazard confronting new firms and plants in U.S. manufacturing (1994)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 9 (1994), S. 41-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Entry ; innovation ; survival ; new firms ; hazard ; exit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Three different factors are hypothesized to shape the hazard function confronting new businesses — the extent of scale economies relative to start-up size, the technological environment, and ownership structure. Using a longitudinal data base tracking the post-entry performance of more than 12,000 U.S. manufacturing establishments, a semi-parametric Cox regression model is used to estimate the hazard function. The evidence suggests that while the presence of high scale economies, a high-technological environment, and a relatively small initial start-up size tend to elevate the exposure of risk confronting new businesses, these factors apparently exert no influence on the likelihood of survival for new branches and subsidiaries established by existing enterprises.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01024218
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Firm Survival in the Netherlands (2000)
    Springer
    Review of industrial organization 16 (2000), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7160
    Keywords: Exit ; manufacturing industries ; survival
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the dynamics of industrial organization differ in the Netherlands from what has emerged as a Stylized Fact in other countries. Because the Netherlands has pursued a unique set of institutions and policies comprising what has become known as the Polder Model, the factors leading to firm failure may systematically differ from those in other countries. We address this question using a longitudinal database from Statistics Netherlands (CBS) that identifies over two thousand firms in manufacturing and then tracks their performance over time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007824501527
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