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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY  (3)
  • Electronics and Electrical Engineering  (2)
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  • 1
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    A Low Noise, Microprocessor-Controlled, Internally Digitizing Rotating-Vane Electric Field Mill for Airborne Platforms (2006)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: This paper reports on a new generation of aircraft-based rotating-vane style electric field mills designed and built at NASA's Marshall Spaceflight Center. The mills have individual microprocessors that digitize the electric field signal at the mill and respond to commands from the data system computer. The mills are very sensitive (1 V/m per bit), have a wide dynamic range (115 dB), and are very low noise (+/-1 LSB). Mounted on an aircraft, these mills can measure fields from +/-1 V/m to +/-500 kV/m. Once-per-second commanding from the data collection computer to each mill allows for precise timing and synchronization. The mills can also be commanded to execute a self-calibration in flight, which is done periodically to monitor the status and health of each mill.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Retrieving Storm Electric Fields from Aircrfaft Field Mill Data: Part II: Applications (2006)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-12
    Description: The Lagrange multiplier theory developed in Part I of this study is applied to complete a relative calibration of a Citation aircraft that is instrumented with six field mill sensors. When side constraints related to average fields are used, the Lagrange multiplier method performs well in computer simulations. For mill measurement errors of 1 V m(sup -1) and a 5 V m(sup -1) error in the mean fair-weather field function, the 3D storm electric field is retrieved to within an error of about 12%. A side constraint that involves estimating the detailed structure of the fair-weather field was also tested using computer simulations. For mill measurement errors of 1 V m(sup -l), the method retrieves the 3D storm field to within an error of about 8% if the fair-weather field estimate is typically within 1 V m(sup -1) of the true fair-weather field. Using this type of side constraint and data from fair-weather field maneuvers taken on 29 June 2001, the Citation aircraft was calibrated. Absolute calibration was completed using the pitch down method developed in Part I, and conventional analyses. The resulting calibration matrices were then used to retrieve storm electric fields during a Citation flight on 2 June 2001. The storm field results are encouraging and agree favorably in many respects with results derived from earlier (iterative) techniques of calibration.
    Keywords: Electronics and Electrical Engineering
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A thundercloud electric field sounding - Charge distribution and lightning (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: An instrumented free balloon measured electric fields and field changes as it rose through a thundercloud above Langmuir Laboratory, New Mexico. The variation of the electric field with altitude implied that the cloud contained negative space charge of density -0.6 to -4 nC/cu m between 5.5 and 8.0 km MSL. The environmental temperature at these levels ranged from -5 to -20 C. The measurements imply that the areal extent of this negative charge center was significantly greater than that of the cloud's intense precipitation shafts. At altitudes greater than 8 km, the instrument ascended past net positive charge. In addition, positive space charge adjacent to the earth's surface (concentration 0.6 nC/cu m and in the lowest portion of the cloud (1.0 nC/cu m) is inferred from the measurements. Electric field changes from intracloud lightning were interpreted by using a simple model for the developing streamer of the initial phase. Thunder source reconstructions provided estimates for the orientation of lightning channels. Seven 'streamers' so analyzed propagated on the average, at 50,000 m/s and carried a current of 390 A. The mean charge dissipated during a flash was 30 C.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Aug. 20
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Electric field measurements within a severe thunderstorm anvil (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: This paper presents the results of electric field measurements made within a severe thunderstorm in central Oklahoma on June 13, 1983. The observations show the electrical structure of a severe storm anvil to be more complex than the simple structure of a positive interior and thin, negative screening layers. Evidence is found of extensive regions of both positive and negative charge in the interior of the anvil, and the thicknesses of screening layers are found to be about an order of magnitude greater than calculated in previous models. A conceptual model for the development of the electrical structure of thunderstorm anvils is proposed in which anvil dynamics plays an important role.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 6297-630
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    In situ measurements and radar observations of a severe storm - Electricity, kinematics, and precipitation (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Electric field measurements made inside a multicell severe storm in Oklahoma in 1983 with a balloon-borne instrument are presented. The properties of the electric charge regions, such as altitude, thickness, and charge concentrations, are studied. These measurements are analzyed with meteorological measurements of temperature and humidity, and balloon tracking and radar observations. The relation between the electric charge structure and the precipitation and kinematic features of the storm is examined. The data reveal that the cell exhibits a bipolar charge structure with negative charge below positive charge. The average charge concentrations of the two regions are estimated as -1.2 and 0.15 nC/cu m, respectively; the upper positive charge is about 6 km in vertical extent, and the lower negative charge is less than 1 km in vertical extent.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 1017-103
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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