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  • 1
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    Some hematological and biochemical changes in blood serum of Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella ) vaccinated with Aeromonas hydrophila following exposure to sublethal concentration of diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Diazinon is commonly used for pest control in the agricultural fields in north of Iran. This study was conducted to determine the chronic toxicity of organophosphorous pesticide (Diazinon) in vaccinated fish and its effects on some hematological parameters and biochemical blood plasma profiles of Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).This experiment was carried out in three groups. The first group was vaccinated and exposed to diazinon (group A) while the second group was vaccinated and bathed with PBS bath (group B). The remaining fish were used as unvaccinated fish and were kept in clean water separately (group C). Diazinon was applied at concentrations of 2 mg/L for 12 hours since the experiments were initiated. The experimental groups(A and B) showed significantly lower values (p 〈 0.05) of erythrocyte count, haemoglobin content, haematocrit, leucocytes, Lymphocyte, myelocyte and monocyte, as well as in alkaline phosphatases, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and, lactate dehydrogenase compared to the control group(C). Values of MCV, MCH and MCHC of experimental species (A and B) were compared to the control group(C). The results of examinations of the biochemical blood plasma profile indicate a marked neurotoxic effect of diazinon in fishes. Changes in values of both erythrocyte and leukocyte profile after exposure to diazinon-based preparation may be referred to disruption of haematopoiesis as well as to a decrease on non-specific immunity of the fish.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Aeromonas hydrophila ; Diazinon ; Organophosphorous pesticide ; Grass Carp ; Hematological parameters ; Biochemical ; Blood ; Serum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.12-23
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  • 2
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    Study of some specific and non-specific immune responses of grass carp (C. idella) to Aeromonas hydrophila and in the present of organophosphate, diazinon (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Some specific and non-specific immune variables of grass carp against Aeromonas hydropila and in the present of organophosphate, diazinon was studied at 18-20?C. Also, the toxicity of this toxicant was assessed in this species. Isolation and characterization of the fish IgM showed that fish possesses IgM with molecular weight of 480-640 KD having 15-20% of total serum protein. The LC50 96 hours of the toxicant was 15.13 mg/L and the survival fish showed erythropenia, leucopenia and a decrease in levels of blood enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase and total protein, while level of glucose increased. When fish were exposed to sublethal concentrations of diazinon (1, 2 and 4 mg/L) for 12 hours large change were then observed in hematological and biochemical variables of blood feaures plus a suppression of chemiluminuscence (CL) response by blood leucocytes during 45 days post-expposure. When fish were intraperitoneally immunized with Aeromonas hydrophila whole cell antigens and exposed to 2 mg/L of diazinon, the immunological responses consisting of lysozyme content, CL response, antibody titre were suppressed during one moth post-exposure. Also, light and electron microscopic examinations of tissues of kidney, liver, gill, spleen and nostril of fish exposed to acute and sublethal concentration of the toxicant revealded remarkable changes including hyperemia, heamorrhage, necrosis, damaging of reticulum endoplasmic of epithelial cells and vacuolation of club cell of nostril, and degeneration of mithochondria in kidney cells, reduction in excretion of amorphous proteinous materials and vesicle numbers on the cell surface and also blocking of cell surface cannals of nostril cells.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila ; Diazinon ; Grass Carp ; Immune responses ; Organophosphate
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 100pp.
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  • 3
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    Evaluation of blood characteristics of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after exposure to organophosphate, Diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The effect of different sublethal concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4 mg/L on some hematological and biochemical parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) weighing 850±155g was studied after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post exposure to the toxicant as a bath for 12 hours at 18-22 C. In one day exposure fish to the toxicant, the values of neutrophiles exposed to 2 and 4mg/L were significantly higher than control fish, while lymphocyte and monocyte counts in fish exposed to 2 and 1mg/L were significantly lower than control one (P〈0.05). Also, no significant differences were found in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among experimental fish and between experimental fish and control one (p〉0.05). Seven day after exposing fish to the toxicant, values of WBC in all experimental fish were significantly higher than control fish, while level of neutrophiles in fish exposed to 1mg/L and values of lymphocytes in fish exposed to 2 and 4mg/L were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively. Also, values of ALT, AST and ALP in all experimental fish were significantly lower, higher and lower than control fish, respectively (p〈0.05). Fifteen days post-exposing fish to the toxicant, values of MCH, ALT and AST in all experimental fish were significantly lower than control group, while levels of WBC and RBC were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively (p〈0.05). Thirty days post-exposing fish to toxicant, the values of neutrophiles, WBC and RBC in fish exposed to 2 mg/L were lower than control fish (p〈0.05). Also, levels of heterocytes and lymphocytes in all experimental fish were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively. Also, levels of AST, ALP and LDH in almost all experimental fish were significantly lower than control fish (p〈0.05), while no significant differences was found in the level of AST among experimental fish and between experimental and control fish (p〉0.05). Forty five days post-exposing fish to the toxicant, the values of WBC and heterocytes in all experimental fish were significantly higher than control one, while levels of lymphocytes, ALT and ALP were lower than control fish (p〈0.05). Also, the level of AST in fish exposed to 4mg/L and level of LDH in fish exposed to 1 and 4 mg/L were significantly lower than control fish (p〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Diazinon ; Grass carp ; Haematology ; Serum biochemistry
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.1-18
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  • 4
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    Light and electron microscope of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) organs following exposure to various sublethal concentrations of diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Histopathological effects of different sublethal concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/l) of diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide, on gill, liver, spleen and kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposing fishes weighting 850 ± 155 g to the toxicant for 12 hours at 18-22ºC. In addition, tissues of nostril were examined for transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results of light microscopic examinations of tissues showed that toxicant was causing severe histopathological effects such as congestion of blood vessels, haemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the kidney, spleen and liver. There were also degenerative changes of interstitial tissue and detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney observed. Hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane were also observed in gill sections. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of nostril revealed, damages of epithelial cells (vacuolated club cells and abnormality in cells' nuclei). scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of nostril showed a reduction in excretion of amorphous proteinous materials, reduction in vesicle numbers on the cell surface and also closing of cell surface canals.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ; Diazinon ; Histopathology ; TEM ; SEM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.111-136
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  • 5
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    Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following exposure to sublethal concentration of diazinon (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was assessed to determine the effect of various concentrations of diazinon on the phagocytosis of grass carp in order to evaluate the fish immunity after exposure to this toxic chemical. One hundred and twenty specimens with individual weight of 850±155g were exposed to various concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4mg/L provided as a bath for 12 hours at 20±2°C in Institute of the Caspian Sea Ecology, Sari in 2003. Maximal values of spontaneous chemiluminescent responses (SCL) were found in all experimental fish only on days 1 and 7 post-exposing to the toxicant compared to control one (p〈0.05). Also, such values on days 15, 30 and 45 post-exposure to toxicant were insignificantly higher than control group (p〉0.05). Generally, the level of chemiluminescent response activated by zymosan (CRAZ) at all concentrations of toxicant were significantly higher than control group after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposure to the toxicant (p〈0.05).
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Diazinon ; Chemiluminescence ; Grass carp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.57-68
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  • 6
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    Determination of diazinon LC50 in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) and the effect of sublethal concentration of toxin on some hematological and biochemical indices (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Toxicity of the organophosphate, diazinon was studied in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) weighing 5±1.0g, under static water quality condition at 16°C. Also, some hematological and biochemical variables of fish weighing 50±5.0g were studied 12 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant at sublethal concentration of 5.6mg/L at 16°C. Values of 18.19, 17.21, 16.68, and 15.13mg/L, were obtained as LC50 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant, respectively. Levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocyte count (WBC), lymphocyte and monocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish than control fish (p〈0.05), whilst values of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and myelocytes counts were higher in the test group (p〈0.05). In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly lower in fish exposed to the toxicant (p〈0.05), while the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher in experimental fish (p〈0.05) than control fish. The levels of glucose and triglyceride were higher in fish exposed to toxicant than control fish. However, such differences were only significant for glucose level (p〈0.05). In contrast, the levels of total protein and cholesterol decreased insignificantly in fish exposed to the toxicant compared to those in control fish (p〉0.05). The obtained results show that although diazinon can be classified as a slight toxic chemical for grass carp, the toxicant negatively affects some immunophysiological functions of the fish including immunocompent cells.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Beluga ; Diazinon ; Hematology ; Grass carp ; Acute toxicity and LC50 ; Blood ; Serum
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.67-82
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  • 7
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    Determination of diazinon LC50 in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) and the effect of sublethal concentration of toxin on some hematological and biochemical indices (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22283 | 18721 | 2018-03-10 14:56:03 | 22283 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Toxicity of the organophosphate, diazinon was studied in grass carp (Cetenopharyngodon idella) weighing 5±1.0g, under static water quality condition at 16°C. Also, some hematological and biochemical variables of fish weighing 50±5.0g were studied 12 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant at sublethal concentration of 5.6mg/L at 16°C. Values of 18.19, 17.21, 16.68, and 15.13mg/L, were obtained as LC50 after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours post-exposing fish to the toxicant, respectively. Levels of red blood cells (RBC), hematocrit (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), leukocyte count (WBC), lymphocyte and monocyte were significantly lower in the exposed fish than control fish (p〈0.05), whilst values of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and myelocytes counts were higher in the test group (p〈0.05). In addition, the levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly lower in fish exposed to the toxicant (p〈0.05), while the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was higher in experimental fish (p〈0.05) than control fish. The levels of glucose and triglyceride were higher in fish exposed to toxicant than control fish. However, such differences were only significant for glucose level (p〈0.05). In contrast, the levels of total protein and cholesterol decreased insignificantly in fish exposed to the toxicant compared to those in control fish (p〉0.05). The obtained results show that although diazinon can be classified as a slight toxic chemical for grass carp, the toxicant negatively affects some immunophysiological functions of the fish including immunocompent cells.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Diazinon ; Hematology ; Grass carp ; Acute toxicity and LC50 ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 67-82
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  • 8
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    Light and electron microscope studies of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) organs following exposure to various sublethal concentrations of diazinon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22285 | 18721 | 2018-03-13 01:24:28 | 22285 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Histopathological effects of different sublethal concentrations (1, 2 and 4 mg/l) of diazinon, an organophosphorus pesticide, on gill, liver, spleen and kidney of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were studied after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposing fishes weighting 850 ± 155 g to the toxicant for 12 hours at 18-22ºC. In addition, tissues of nostril were examined for transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results of light microscopic examinations of tissues showed that toxicant was causing severe histopathological effects such as congestion of blood vessels, haemorrhage, cellular infiltration, pyknosis of cells nuclei, vacuolar degeneration and general necrosis in the kidney, spleen and liver. There were also degenerative changes of interstitial tissue and detachment of tubular basement membrane in kidney observed. Hyperplasia and fusion of secondary lamellae, separation and sloughing of epithelium from the underlying basement membrane were also observed in gill sections. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examination of nostril revealed, damages of epithelial cells (vacuolated club cells and abnormality in cells' nuclei). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of nostril showed a reduction in excretion of amorphous proteinous materials, reduction in vesicle numbers on the cell surface and also closing of cell surface canals.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Diazinon ; Histopathology ; TEM ; SEM ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 111-136
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  • 9
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    Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) following exposure to sublethal concentrations of diazinon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22290 | 18721 | 2018-03-13 03:10:56 | 22290 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Chemiluminescent response of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) was assessed to determine the effect of various concentrations of diazinon on the phagocytosis of grass carp in order to evaluate the fish immunity after exposure to this toxic chemical. One hundred and twenty specimens with individual weight of 850±155g were exposed to various concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4mg/L provided as a bath for 12 hours at 20±2°C in Institute of the Caspian Sea Ecology, Sari in 2003. Maximal values of spontaneous chemiluminescent responses (SCL) were found in all experimental fish only on days 1 and 7 post-exposing to the toxicant compared to control one (p〈0.05). Also, such values on days 15, 30 and 45 post-exposure to toxicant were insignificantly higher than control group (p〉0.05). Generally, the level of chemiluminescent response activated by zymosan (CRAZ) at all concentrations of toxicant were significantly higher than control group after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post-exposure to the toxicant (p〈0.05).
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Diazinon ; Chemiluminescence ; Grass carp ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 57-68
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of blood characteristics of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after exposure to organophosphate, Diazinon (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/22245 | 18721 | 2018-03-01 13:52:56 | 22245 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: The effect of different sublethal concentrations of diazinon at 1, 2 and 4 mg/L on some hematological and biochemical parameters of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) weighing 850±155g was studied after 1, 7, 15, 30 and 45 days post exposure to the toxicant as a bath for 12 hours at 18-22 C. In one day exposure fish to the toxicant, the values of neutrophiles exposed to 2 and 4mg/L were significantly higher than control fish, while lymphocyte and monocyte counts in fish exposed to 2 and 1mg/L were significantly lower than control one (P〈0.05). Also, no significant differences were found in levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) among experimental fish and between experimental fish and control one (p〉0.05). Seven day after exposing fish to the toxicant, values of WBC in all experimental fish were significantly higher than control fish, while level of neutrophiles in fish exposed to 1mg/L and values of lymphocytes in fish exposed to 2 and 4mg/L were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively. Also, values of ALT, AST and ALP in all experimental fish were significantly lower, higher and lower than control fish, respectively (p〈0.05). Fifteen days post-exposing fish to the toxicant, values of MCH, ALT and AST in all experimental fish were significantly lower than control group, while levels of WBC and RBC were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively (p〈0.05). Thirty days post-exposing fish to toxicant, the values of neutrophiles, WBC and RBC in fish exposed to 2 mg/L were lower than control fish (p〈0.05). Also, levels of heterocytes and lymphocytes in all experimental fish were significantly higher and lower than control fish, respectively. Also, levels of AST, ALP and LDH in almost all experimental fish were significantly lower than control fish (p〈0.05), while no significant differences was found in the level of AST among experimental fish and between experimental and control fish (p〉0.05). Forty five days post-exposing fish to the toxicant, the values of WBC and heterocytes in all experimental fish were significantly higher than control one, while levels of lymphocytes, ALT and ALP were lower than control fish (p〈0.05). Also, the level of AST in fish exposed to 4mg/L and level of LDH in fish exposed to 1 and 4 mg/L were significantly lower than control fish (p〈0.05).
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Diazinon ; Grass carp ; Haematology ; Serum biochemistry ; Iran
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 1-18
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