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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation of atmospheric dimethylsulfide at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 11 (1990), S. 123-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Atmospheric dimethylsulfide ; oceanic dimethylsulfide ; DMS ; air-sea interaction ; atmospheric chemistry ; marine chemistry ; biogeochemical cycles ; sea-to-air flux ; Indian Ocean
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Daily measurements of atmospheric concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) were carried out for two years in a marine site at remote area: the Amsterdam Island (37°50′S–77°31′E) located in the southern Indian Ocean. DMS concentrations were also measured in seawater. A seasonal variation is observed for both DMS in the atmosphere and in the sea-surface. The monthly averages of DMS concentrations in the surface coastal seawater and in the atmosphere ranged, respectively, from 0.3 to 2.0 nmol l-1 and from 1.4 to 11.3 nmol m-3 (34 to 274 pptv), with the highest values in summer. The monthly variation of sea-to-air flux of DMS from the southern Indian Ocean ranges from 0.7 to 4.4 μmol m-2 d-1. A factor of 2.3 is observed between summer and winter with mean DMS fluxes of 3.0 and 1.3 μmol m-2 d-1, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053671
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission and flux of DMS from the Australian Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans during the 1988/89 summer (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 20 (1995), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: DMS ; emission and flux ; Australasian Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract DMS emissions and fluxes from the Australasian sector of the Antarctic and Subantarctic Oceans, bound by 46–68° S and 65.5–142.6° E, were determined from a limited number of samples (n=32) collected during three summer resupply voyages to Australian Antarctic continental research bases between November 1988 and January 1989 (a 92 day period). The maximum DMS emission from this sector of the Antarctic Ocean was in an area near the Antarctic Divergence (60–63° S) and the minimum DMS emission was from the Antarctic coastal and offshelf waters. The greatest emission of DMS from this sector of the Southern Ocean was from the Subantarctic waters. DMS flux from the Australasian Antarctic Ocean was 64.3×106 (±115) mol d−1 or 5.9 (±10.6)×109 mol based on an emission of 10.9 (±19.5) µmol m−2 d−1 (n=26). The flux of DMS from the Australasian sector of the Subantarctic Ocean was probably twice the flux of DMS from the adjacent Antarctic Ocean.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01099918
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal Variation of Dimethylsulfoxide in Rainwater at Amsterdam Island in the Southern Indian Ocean: Implications on the Biogenic Sulfur Cycle (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 30 (1998), S. 229-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: DMS ; DMSO ; MSA ; marine atmosphere ; DMS oxidation ; seasonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A continuous record of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in rainwater was performed at Amsterdam island (37°S 77°E) from December 1995 to February 1997. Eighty one rainwater samples were collected. DMSO, methanesulfonic acid (MSA), the major anions, and cations were analyzed. DMSO concentrations ranged from 7.0 to 369 nM, with a distinct seasonal variation. The mean concentrations during the summer and the winter periods were 90 nM and 25.6 nM respectively. The observed DMSO seasonal cycle is in line with the observations of DMS in the atmosphere and MSA in rainwater, measured simultaneously during the reported period. However, the summer to winter ratio of DMSO is significantly lower than that observed for DMS and MSA. The DMSO to MSA ratio and its observed seasonal variability are also presented. The implications on the biogenic sulfur cycle are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005983625947
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variations of atmospheric sulfur dioxide and dimethylsulfide concentrations at Amsterdam Island in the southern Indian Ocean (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of atmospheric chemistry 15 (1992), S. 117-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0662
    Keywords: Sulfur dioxide ; SO2 dimethylsulfide ; DMS ; marine atmosphere ; seasonal variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Daily measurements of atmospheric sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations were performed from March 1989 to January 1991 at Amsterdam Island (37°50′ S–77°30′ E), a remote site located in the southern Indian Ocean. Long-range transport of continental air masses was studied using Radon (222Rn) as continental tracer. Average monthly SO2 concentrations range from less than 0.2 to 3.9 nmol m-3 (annual average = 0.7 nmol m-3) and present a seasonal cycle with a minimum in winter and a maximum in summer, similar to that described for atmospheric DMS concentrations measured during the same period. Clear diel correlation between atmospheric DMS and SO2 concentrations is also observed during summer. A photochemical box model using measured atmospheric DMS concentrations as input data reproduces the seasonal variations in the measured atmospheric SO2 concentrations within ±30%. Comparing between computed and measured SO2 concentrations allowed us to estimate a yield of SO2 from DMS oxidation of about 70%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00053754
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