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  • Nucleic Acid Hybridization  (9)
  • Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral  (5)
  • 1
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    Three distinct genes in human DNA related to the transforming genes of mammalian sarcoma retroviruses (1981)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1981-07-10
    Description: Southern blot hybridization was used to identify human and other vertebrate DNA sequences that were homologous to cloned DNA fragments containing the oncogenic nucleic acid sequences of three different type C mammalian retroviruses (simian sarcoma virus, the Snyder-Theilen strain of feline sarcoma virus, and the Harvey strain of murine sarcoma virus). Each onc gene counterpart has a single genetic locus, which probably contains non-onc intervening sequences. The human DNA sequences may represent genes important to cell growth or cell differentiation, or both. Their identification and isolation may allow elucidation of their role in these processes and in neoplasias.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wong-Staal, F -- Dalla-Favera, R -- Franchini, G -- Gelmann, E P -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1981 Jul 10;213(4504):226-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6264598" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Cell Transformation, Viral ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA/*genetics ; DNA, Viral/*genetics ; *Genes ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Retroviridae/*genetics ; Sarcoma Virus, Woolly Monkey/genetics ; Sarcoma Viruses, Murine/genetics ; Species Specificity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Frequent detection and isolation of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and at risk for AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: Peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS) were grown in vitro with added T-cell growth factor and assayed for the expression and release of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV). Retroviruses belonging to the HTLV family and collectively designated HTLV-III were isolated from a total of 48 subjects including 18 of 21 patients wih pre-AIDS, three of four clinically normal mothers of juveniles with AIDS, 26 of 72 adult and juvenile patients with AIDS, and from one of 22 normal male homosexual subjects. No HTLV-III was detected in or isolated from 115 normal heterosexual subjects. The number of HTLV-III isolates reported here underestimates the true prevalence of the virus since many specimens were received in unsatisfactory condition. Other data show that serum samples from a high proportion of AIDS patients contain antibodies to HTLV-III. That these new isolates are members of the HTLV family but differ from the previous isolates known as HTLV-I and HTLV-II is indicated by their morphological, biological, and immunological characteristics. These results and those reported elsewhere in this issue suggest that HTLV-III may be the primary cause of AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallo, R C -- Salahuddin, S Z -- Popovic, M -- Shearer, G M -- Kaplan, M -- Haynes, B F -- Palker, T J -- Redfield, R -- Oleske, J -- Safai, B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):500-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200936" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/blood/*microbiology ; Adult ; Antigens, Viral/analysis ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*isolation & purification/physiology/ultrastructure ; Female ; Homosexuality ; Humans ; Immune Sera/pharmacology ; Interferon Type I/immunology ; Male ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Risk ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Molecular characterization of human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-12-07
    Description: The human T-cell leukemia (lymphotropic) virus type III (HTLV-III) appears to be central to the causation of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Two full-length integrated proviral DNA forms of HTLV-III have now been cloned and analyzed, and DNA sequences of the virus in cell lines and fresh tissues from patients with AIDS or AIDS-related complex (ARC) have been characterized. The results revealed that (i) HTLV-III is an exogenous human retrovirus, approximately 10 kilobases in length, that lacks nucleic acid sequences derived from normal human DNA; (ii) HTLV-III, unlike HTLV types I and II, shows substantial diversity in its genomic restriction enzyme cleavage pattern; (iii) HTLV-III persists in substantial amounts in cells as unintegrated linear DNA, an uncommon property that has been linked to the cytopathic effects of certain animal retroviruses; and (iv) HTLV-III viral DNA can be detected in low levels in fresh (primary) lymphoid tissue of a minority of patients with AIDS or ARC but appears not to be present in Kaposi's sarcoma tissue. These findings have important implications concerning the biological properties of HTLV-III and the pathophysiology of AIDS and Kaposi's sarcoma.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shaw, G M -- Hahn, B H -- Arya, S K -- Groopman, J E -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Dec 7;226(4679):1165-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6095449" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; Child ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/metabolism ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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  • 4
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    Novel viral sequences related to human T-cell leukemia virus in T cells of a seropositive baboon (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-03-16
    Description: Antibodies reactive with proteins of human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV) can be found in Old World monkeys. A T-lymphocyte cell line established from a seropositive baboon (Papio cynocephalus) was analyzed for the presence of viral DNA sequences. The provirus found in these cells was related to but distinct from HTLV subgroup I. These results add to recent evidence from human studies that HTLV represents a spectrum of infectious T-lymphotropic retroviruses that includes closely and distantly related members.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Guo, H G -- Wong-Stall, F -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Mar 16;223(4641):1195-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6322297" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/analysis ; Antigens, Viral/immunology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Line ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; DNA, Viral/*analysis ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/immunology ; *Genes, Viral ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Papio/immunology/*microbiology ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; T-Lymphocytes/*analysis/microbiology
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  • 5
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    Detection, isolation, and continuous production of cytopathic retroviruses (HTLV-III) from patients with AIDS and pre-AIDS (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-05-04
    Description: A cell system was developed for the reproducible detection of human T-lymphotropic retroviruses (HTLV family) from patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or with signs or symptoms that frequently precede AIDS (pre-AIDS). The cells are specific clones from a permissive human neoplastic T-cell line. Some of the clones permanently grow and continuously produce large amounts of virus after infection with cytopathic (HTLV-III) variants of these viruses. One cytopathic effect of HTLV-III in this system is the arrangement of multiple nuclei in a characteristic ring formation in giant cells of the infected T-cell population. These structures can be used as an indicator to detect HTLV-III in clinical specimens. This system opens the way to the routine detection of HTLV-III and related cytopathic variants of HTLV in patients with AIDS or pre-AIDS and in healthy carriers, and it provides large amounts of virus for detailed molecular and immunological analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Popovic, M -- Sarngadharan, M G -- Read, E -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 May 4;224(4648):497-500.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6200935" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cell Division ; Cell Line ; Cell Nucleus/ultrastructure ; Cell Survival ; Clone Cells/microbiology ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/growth & development/*isolation & purification ; Genetic Variation ; Humans ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Virus Cultivation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Gene for T-cell growth factor: location on human chromosome 4q and feline chromosome B1 (1984)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-01-13
    Description: T-cell growth factor (TCGF) or interleukin-2 (IL-2), an immunoregulatory lymphokine, is produced by lectin- or antigen-activated mature T lymphocytes and in a constitutive manner by certain T-cell lymphoma cell lines. By means of a molecular clone of human TCGF and DNA extracted from a panel of somatic cell hybrids (rodent cells X normal human lymphocytes), the TCGF structural gene was identified on human chromosome 4. In situ hybridization of the TCGF clone to human chromosomes resulted in significant labeling of the midportion of the long arm of chromosome 4, indicating that the TCGF gene was located at band q26-28. Genomic DNA from a panel of hybrids prepared with HUT-102 B2 cells was examined with the same molecular clone. In this clone of cells, which produces human T-cell leukemia virus, the TCGF gene was also located on chromosome 4 and was apparently not rearranged. The homologous TCGF locus in the domestic cat was assigned to chromosome B1 by using a somatic cell hybrid panel that segregates cat chromosomes. Linkage studies as well as high-resolution G-trypsin banding indicate that this feline chromosome is partially homologous to human chromosome 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seigel, L J -- Harper, M E -- Wong-Staal, F -- Gallo, R C -- Nash, W G -- O'Brien, S J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1984 Jan 13;223(4632):175-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6318318" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cats/*genetics ; Chromosome Banding ; Chromosome Mapping ; *Chromosomes ; *Chromosomes, Human, 4-5 ; Cloning, Molecular ; Deltaretrovirus ; *Genes ; Genetic Linkage ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Interleukin-2/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization
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  • 7
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    The sor gene of HIV-1 is required for efficient virus transmission in vitro (1987)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1987-08-21
    Description: The genome of the human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 contains at least eight genes, of which three (sor, R, and 3' orf) have no known function. In this study, the role of the sor gene was examined by constructing a series of proviral genomes of HIV-1 that either lacked the coding sequences for sor or contained point mutations in sor. Analysis of four such mutants revealed that although each clone could generate morphologically normal virus particles upon transfection, the mutant viruses were limited in their capacity to establish stable infection. Virus derived from transfection of Cos-1 cells (OKT4-) with sor mutant proviral DNA's was resistant to transmission to OKT4+ "susceptible" cells under cell-free conditions, and was transmitted poorly by coculture. In contrast, virus derived from clones with an intact sor frame was readily propagated by either approach. Normal amounts of gag-, env-, and pol-derived proteins were produced by all four mutants and assays in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells indicated that their trans-activating capacity was intact and comparable with wild type. Thus the sor gene, although not absolutely required in HIV virion formation, influences virus transmission in vitro and is crucial in the efficient generation of infectious virus. The data also suggest that sor influences virus replication at a novel, post-translational stage and that its action is independent of the regulatory genes tat and trs.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, A G -- Ensoli, B -- Ivanoff, L -- Chamberlain, M -- Petteway, S -- Ratner, L -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1987 Aug 21;237(4817):888-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3497453" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Communication ; Cells, Cultured ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Genes, Viral ; HIV/*genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology ; Viral Proteins/*physiology ; *Virus Replication
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  • 8
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    Long-term cultures of HTLV-III--infected T cells: a model of cytopathology of T-cell depletion in AIDS (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-21
    Description: Long-term cultures were established of HTLV-III-infected T4 cells from patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and of T4 cells from normal donors after infection of the cells in vitro. By initially reducing the number of cells per milliliter of culture medium it was possible to grow the infected cells for 50 to 60 days. As with uninfected T cells, immunologic activation of the HTLV-III-infected cells with phytohemagglutinin led to patterns of gene expression typical of T-cell differentiation, such as production of interleukin-2 and expression of interleukin-2 receptors, but in the infected cells immunologic activation also led to expression of HTLV-III, which was followed by cell death. The results revealed a cytopathogenic mechanism that may account for T4 cell depletion in AIDS patients and suggest how repeated antigenic stimulation by infectious agents, such as malaria in Africa, or by allogeneic blood or semen, may be important determinants of the latency period in AIDS.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zagury, D -- Bernard, J -- Leonard, R -- Cheynier, R -- Feldman, M -- Sarin, P S -- Gallo, R C -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 21;231(4740):850-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2418502" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/immunology/microbiology/*pathology ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte ; Antigens, Surface/analysis ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Deltaretrovirus/*growth & development ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Interleukin-2/biosynthesis ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/metabolism ; Receptors, Immunologic/biosynthesis ; Receptors, Interleukin-2 ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology/*microbiology
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  • 9
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    Infectious mutants of HTLV-III with changes in the 3' region and markedly reduced cytopathic effects (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-08-08
    Description: A variant of human T-lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III) is described that replicates but does not kill normal human T cells in vitro. This variant, designated X10-1, was derived from the genome of a cytopathic HTLV-III clone (pHXB2D) by excision of a 200-base pair segment in the 3' region of the virus, spanning the env and 3'-orf genes. Comparable variants with 55 to 109 base pairs deleted exclusively in 3'-orf produced, in contrast, virus that was extremely cytopathic. On the basis of these findings it is concluded that the 3'-orf gene is not required for cytopathogenicity or replication of HTLV-III. In addition, the results suggest that virus replication and cytotoxicity are not intrinsically coupled. Furthermore, since clone X10-1 retains the ability to trans-activate genes linked to the viral long terminal repeats, trans-activation per se is not responsible for T-cell killing by HTLV-III. These results also raise the possibility that the carboxyl terminus of the envelope gene of HTLV-III has a direct role in T-cell killing by this virus.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fisher, A G -- Ratner, L -- Mitsuya, H -- Marselle, L M -- Harper, M E -- Broder, S -- Gallo, R C -- Wong-Staal, F -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Aug 8;233(4764):655-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014663" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*microbiology ; Cloning, Molecular ; Deltaretrovirus/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Humans ; Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; RNA, Viral/genetics ; T-Lymphocytes/microbiology
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  • 10
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    The role of mononuclear phagocytes in HTLV-III/LAV infection (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-07-11
    Description: Cells with properties characteristic of mononuclear phagocytes were evaluated for infectivity with five different isolates of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III/LAV. Mononuclear phagocytes cultured from brain and lung tissues of AIDS patients harbored the virus. In vitro-infected macrophages from the peripheral blood, bone marrow, or cord blood of healthy donors produced large quantities of virus. Virus production persisted for at least 40 days and was not dependent on host cell proliferation. Giant multinucleated cells were frequently observed in the macrophage cultures and numerous virus particles, often located within vacuole-like structures, were present in infected cells. The different virus isolates were compared for their ability to infect macrophages and T cells. Isolates from lung- and brain-derived macrophages had a significantly higher ability to infect macrophages than T cells. In contrast, the prototype HTLV-III beta showed a 10,000-fold lower ability to infect macrophages than T cells and virus production was one-tenth that in macrophage cultures infected with other isolates, indicating that a particular variant of HTLV-III/LAV may have a preferential tropism for macrophages or T cells. These results suggest that mononuclear phagocytes may serve as primary targets for infection and agents for virus dissemination and that these virus-infected cells may play a role in the pathogenesis of the disease.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gartner, S -- Markovits, P -- Markovitz, D M -- Kaplan, M H -- Gallo, R C -- Popovic, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Jul 11;233(4760):215-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3014648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*immunology ; Brain/cytology ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; DNA, Viral/genetics ; Deltaretrovirus/isolation & purification ; Humans ; Lung/cytology ; Macrophages/physiology ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Phagocytes/*physiology
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