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  • Composite Materials  (2)
  • Cladistics  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phylogenetic relationships among the galaginae as indicated by erythrocytic allozymes (1994)
    Springer
    Primates 35 (1994), S. 177-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-8332
    Keywords: Strepsirhini ; Phylogeny ; Allozymes ; Cladistics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract At least four hypotheses regarding the phylogenetic relationships within the Galaginae have been proposed, based on features of karyology, morphology, and behaviour, but these hypotheses share few common elements. Here we investigate erythrocytic allozymes as potential phylogenetic markers, and subject our results to a cladistic analysis. Our study offers little support for the previous models, but suggests instead that the greater galagos andG. alleni form a clade since they share character states for eight of the ten systems examined. The two lesser galago species could not be distinguished using these enzymes, and character states common to them and theallenicrassicaudatus-garnettii clade were found in only four systems. Our resultant cladogram accords well with the rather scant galagine fossil record. The data also show strong concordance with results obtained using highly repeated DNA sequences, which indicate that the galagos form a close-knit genetic group, while the Malagasy lemurids show considerably more inter-taxic variation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382053
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Standard Methods for Bolt-Bearing Testing of Textile Composites (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The response of three 2-D braided materials to bolt bearing loading was evaluated using data generated by Boeing Defense and Space Group in Philadelphia, PA. Three test methods, stabilized single shear, unstabilized single shear, and double shear, were compared. In general, these textile composites were found to be sensitive to bolt bearing test methods. The stabilized single shear method yielded higher strengths than the unstabilized single shear method in all cases. The double shear test method always produced the highest strengths but these results may be somewhat misleading. It is therefore recommended that standard material comparisons be made using the stabilized single shear test method. The effects of two geometric parameters, W/D and e/D, were also studied. An evaluation of the effect of the specimen width (W) to hole diameter (D) ratio concluded that bolt bearing responses were consistent with open hole tension results. A W/D ratio of 6 or greater should be maintained. The proximity of the hole to the specimen edge significantly affected strength. In all cases, strength was improved by increasing the ratio of the distance from the hole center to the specimen edge (e) to the hole diameter (D) above 2. An e/D ratio of 3 or greater is recommended.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: NASA-CR-198266 , NAS 1.26:198266
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Standard methods for filled hole tension testing of textile composites (1995)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects of two test specimen geometry parameters, the specimen width and W/D ratio, on filled-hole tensile strength were determined for textile composite materials. Test data generated by Boeing and Lockheed on 2-D and 3-D braids, and 3-D weaves were used to make these evaluations. The investigation indicated that filled-hole tensile-strength showed little sensitivity to either parameter. Test specimen configurations used in open-hole tension tests, such as those suggested by ASTM D5766 - Standard Test Method for Open Hole Tensile Strength of Polymer Matrix Composite Laminates or those proposed by MIL-HDBK-17-lD should provide adequate results for material comparisons studies. Comparisons of the materials' open-hole and filled-hole tensile strengths indicated that the latter were generally lower than the former. The 3-D braids were the exception; their filled-hole strengths were unexpected larger than their open-hole strengths. However, these increases were small compared to the scatter in the data. Thus, filled hole tension may be a critical design consideration for textile composite materials.
    Keywords: Composite Materials
    Type: NASA-CR-198263 , NAS 1.26:198263
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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