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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and characterization of two putative endogenous opioid antagonist peptides in bovine brain
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 8 (1987), S. 657-662 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Bovine brain ; Distribution ; FMRF-NH"2-like peptides ; HPLC analysis ; Opioid antagonists ; Radioimmunoassay
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(87)90041-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of mammalian FMRF-NH"2-related peptides and IgG from antiserum against them on aggression and defeat-induced analgesia in mice
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 12 (1991), S. 235-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: Aggression ; Defeat ; FMRF-NH"2-related peptides ; Opioid analgesia ; Opioid antagonists ; Stress-induced analgesia
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(91)90005-A
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgG from antiserum against endogenous mammalian FMRF-NH"2-related peptides augments morphine- and stress-induced analgesia in mice
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 10 (1989), S. 741-745 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: FMRF-NH"2-like peptides ; Immobilization ; Morphine ; Nociception ; Opioid analgesia ; Opioid antagonists ; Stress-induced analgesia
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(89)90106-X
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A fishery in a changing lake environment: The naked carpGymnocypris przewalskii (Kessler) (Cyprinidae: schizothoracinae) in Qinghai Hu, China (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 4 (1995), S. 169-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: China ; Qinghai ; Koko Nor ; Cyprinidae ; fish ; fishery ; recruitment ; spawning ; catch per unit effort ; management ; translocation ; saline lake ; dryland ; semi-arid ; irrigation ; conservation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Quinghai Hu is a large, high-altitude, saline lake in north-western China, and supports a fishery based on an endemic species of naked carp (‘snow trout’). The fish take seven years to attain maturity and a marketable weight of 300 g, and have a lifespan of 14–21 years under the present fishery regime. They seasonally migrate from the lake to spawn over the gravel beds of inflowing rivers, but these areas have been reduced by weirs and irrigation diversions and recruitment may have declined. The population may have been affected also by a 1.85-m fall in the lake level over the past 30 years, and by associated changes in salinity. The fishery was opened to large-scale exploitation in 1958. Yields declined sharply (max. 28,523 tonnes, 1960) as the larger, older fish were removed, and then more slowly (min. 2523 tonnes, 1983). Since 1987 the fish factory has been limited to an annual quota of 1200 tonnes, taken by a fleet of four pair trawlers. Another 800 tonnes are taken by licensed fishermen, mainly using gill nets, and perhaps 1000 tonnes are taken illegally. The estimated total catch in 1992 was 3000 tonnes. New trawlers introduced in 1989–90 substantially increased the factory's catch per unit effort, and in 1990 the quota was virtually filled in one month in a zone within 20 km of the factory. Although this could suggest that the stocks will be conserved if the quota is retained, at least half of the catch in 1989–92 consisted of immature individuals. Trawling operations recently were suspended following a further decline in the catch after 1992. While the new trawlers are capable of a major increase in effort, neither the changing environment, the fish stocks or the present markets favour intensified pressure. Gillnets may provide better control over the minimum size limit and may cause less damage than trawling. Other options to improve the viability and profitability of the fishery include improvements in handling, processing and marketing. Failure to develop the fishery may encourage attempts to introduce exotic fish, at some risk to survival of the local species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02001491
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental Impacts in the Jianghan Plain: Evidence from Lake Sediments (1999)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 112 (1999), S. 21-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Keywords: China ; eutrophication ; heavy metals ; palaeolimnology ; spheroidal carbonaceous particles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract There is growing concern about the environmental impact of rapid economic growth in China. The problem is compounded by the scarcity of baseline data on the state of China's natural environment. As a step towards solving this problem, palaeolimnological methods have been applied to seven lakes in the Jianghan Plain, China, to evaluate recent changes in human impact. Lake sediment cores show enhanced concentrations of fossil fuel derived spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCP) and Pb at all sites across the Jianghan Plain. The distribution of these industrial contaminants shows the overwhelming influence of the industrial cities. Wuhan dominates the fossil fuel derived pollution, while the copper smelter at Daye dominates the heavy metal pollution. Analysis of sediment diatom assemblages indicates mean total phosphorus concentrations of greater than 40 μg L-1 P in the lakes of the more intensely agricultural western part of the Jianghan Plain. The sediment concentration profiles for biogenic elements at these sites indicates a post-1960 eutrophication. Evidence for eutrophication in the eastern lakes is much weaker, though some evidence is present at all sites. The tracers of industrial pollution (Pb and SCP) correlate with Mn in the many of the lake sediments. This is compatible with both soil acidification, and soil gleyification due to intensified rice production.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005040713678
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge transfer complexes of polyimines containing trans-1,2-bis-9-carbazolylcyclobutane (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 30 (1992), S. 1953-1959 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: charge transfer complexes ; carbazole-containing polyimines ; electron-acceptors ; solid-state NMR ; decomplexation ; complex conformation ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyimines containing trans-1,2-bis-9-carbazolylcyclobutane (CzD) and a spacer of a variable number of methylene groups (3-10 and 12) were synthesized from the diformylated CzD and the corresponding aliphatic diamine. The charge transfer complexes (CTCs) of these polyimines with electron-acceptors such as tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) and 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF) were analyzed in solution and in the solid state using electronic and CP-MAS 13C-NMR spectra. Model studies indicate that TCNE does not form a stable complex in the solid state with CzD, while TNF forms a complex in the molar ratio of 1 : 1. Solid-state CTCs of the polyimines with either acceptor retain some solvent which helps in formation of some supramolecular organization. After the solvent is eliminated the CTCs are amorphous and do not show decomplexation. Cross-polarization experiments and T1ρH measurements in the solid-state NMR spectra demonstrate that the polymer CTCs are very mobile, with a solution-like behavior. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1992.080300918
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes containing mixed salts (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: polyelectrolytes, PEO-based, conductivity enhancement by mixed salts in solutions of ; conductivity, ionic, of PEO-based polyelectrolytes, mixed-salt enhancement of ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An unusual conductivity enhancement occurs in PEO-based ZnBr2/LiBr electrolytes of composition, [xZnBr2 + (1 - x)LiBr](PEO)16 with x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00. The conductivity of the mixed-salt electrolytes is higher than that of either pure salt electrolyte. The highest conductivity, observed for x = 0.5, is two orders of magnitude higher than that of pure LiBr(PEO)16 and one order higher than ZnBr2(PEO)16. In contrast, the conductivity of mixed Mg (CIO4)2/LiCIO4 electrolytes, [xMg(CIO4)2 + (1 - x) LiCIO4](PEO)16 where x = 0.00, 0.20, 0.50, 0.80, 1.00, increases monotonically with the mole fraction of the higher conductivity component, LiCIO4(PEO)16. The conductivity and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results suggest that the conductivity enhancement in the ZnBr2/LiBr electrolytes results from a change in charge carrier type and concentration, whereas the conductivity change in the Mg(CIO4)2/LiCIO4 electrolytes arises from a change in the microscopic viscosity of the electrolytes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090310204
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between micellization and adsorption of diblock copolymers in a colloidal system (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 265-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Significant adsorption of polystyrene-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-PEO) diblock copolymers onto PS latex particles in an aqueous dispersion is accomplished through suppression of micelle formation by adding tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent. We add THF, a good solvent for the micelle core, to weaken the micelle and allow free chains for adsorption to the colloidal particles. Choosing a PS colloidal particle as the adsorption substrate (thus the adsorbed PS block can fully wet the subsurface), we eliminate the complications which arise from micelle formation on the colloidal surface. Since the PS particles swell in the mixed solvent, the adsorbed PS block may penetrate into the swollen latex core, which is favored for entropic reasons. A subsequent water quench of the system to a low THF solution shrinks the PS particle to its original size while retaining most of the adsorbed polymers. The adsorbed chains cannot be removed by adding surfactants or raising temperature to 90°C, indicating that the adsorbed layer is tightly attached to the surface due to kinetic hinderance of the chains in a confined environment. Neutron scattering experiments is being carried out to settle whether the PS penetrates the PS particle. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580205
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strain birefringence of KevlarKevlar is a registered trademark of E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Co., Inc. aramid fibers (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 34 (1987), S. 1399-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: We have measured the strain birefringence of Kevlar aramid fibers under static loading via a spectrophotometric method. At very low strain rates, the birefringence of Kevlar fibers increases markedly with increasing strain. On initial straining, the birefringence increases even at relatively constant modulus. This is attributed to the orientation of macroscopic species in the fiber which were observed by visible light microscopy. Such behavior is supported by the experimental observation of laser diffraction patterns and optical transmission images of Kevlar fibers under load. In the final stage of straining where the fiber modulus increases rapidly, the birefringence increase is attributable to crystalline orientation. The spectrophotometric method is useful for the simultaneous measurement of stress, strain, and birefringence of highly oriented, highly crystalline fibers such as Kevlar aramid. It is particularly useful to study the morphological inhomogeneity of a fiber which is undetectable by the conventional tensile test.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1987.070340406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluorine magnetic relaxation in poly(p-fluorostyrene) and poly(m-fluorostyrene) (1977)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 15 (1977), S. 1347-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The spin-lattice relaxation time and the nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) of 19F nuclei in dilute solutions of poly(p-fluorostyrene) and poly(m-fluorostyrene) were measured as a function of molecular weight, concentration, temperature, solvent, and field strength. Models for local motion of the chain backbone based on independent internal rotations or on one-dimensional defect diffusion failed to provide a quantitative description of both T1 and the NOE. A model based on three-bond crankshaft motions and a cutoff of coupling along the backbone gives a consistent account of these results as well as 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation data on polystyrene from the literature. The model provides a finite set of exponential correlation times to describe local motion, the center of the distribution lying in the nanosecond region for dilute solutions of polystyrenes in normal solvents. The apparent activation energy for the backbone motion obtained from the temperature dependence of the average correlation time based on NMR data is about 20 kJ mole-1. The local correlation times based on NMR are appreciably shorter than those determined by dielectric relaxation. This discrepancy points to the existence of several different local motions which make different contributions depending upon the experimental technique employed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1977.180150804
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