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  • Chemistry  (5)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thiolation of starch and other polysaccharidesPresented at 164th National Meeting of American Chemical Society, New York, New York, August 27-September 1, 1972. (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 1607-1615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thiolated starches with a degree of substitution of 0.01-0.6 were obtained by pyrolysis of starch dithiobis(thioformates) followed by saponification. The pyrolytic decomposition of dithiobis(thioformates) followed two pathways: (1) to thionocarbonate , carbon disulfide, and sulfur, and (2) to dithiocarbonate , carbonyl sulfide, and sulfur. Only the second pathway affords thiolation. Thiol groups were determined by Ellman's reagent, by sulfur analyses, and, following acetylation, by the ratio of O-acetyl versus S-acetyl absorption in nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The poly-saccharides cellulose, dextran, and xylan were thiolated by the same procedure.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170523
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pilot-plant process for starch xanthide encapsulated pesticides (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 24 (1979), S. 153-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A small pilot-plant batch process for the encapsulation of pesticides with crosslinked starch xanthate (starch xanthide) has been developed. Multipound quantities of several encapsulated pesticides have been prepared that have slow-release properties. Products were made from starch xanthates of varying degrees of substitution (0.1 to 0.3) and with various crosslinking agents (H2O2, NaNO2, NaOCl, NaClO2, and FeCl3). Recovery of the pesticides as the encapsulated product ranged from 62% to nearly 100%. In a single experiment, processing water was recycled without apparent problems.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1979.070240114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pesticide encapsulation using a starch-borate complex as wall materialThis paper reports the results of research only. Mention of a pesticide in this paper does not constitute a recommendation for use by the U.S. Department of Agriculture nor does it imply registration under FIFRA as amended. The mention of firm names or trade products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the U.S. Department of Agriculture over other firms or similar products not mentioned. (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 27 (1982), S. 3919-3928 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new technique has been developed for encapsulating pesticides for controlled release. The method consists in mixing starch, pesticide, and water; adding alkali to gelatinize the starch; and treating the mixture with boric acid. The solid product is a starch-borate adduct, entrapping the pesticide within small cells. Initially, the adduct is a rubbery gel which, when treated with alcohol or ground with additional pearl starch, yields particles suitable for drying to the 10-35-mesh range. When the starch is used to break up the gel, the technique is useful for retaining water-soluble compounds. Water-insoluble pesticides, emulsifiable concentrates, and wettable powders are encapsulated and recovered in high yields. Acid-labile pesticides such as diazinon are stable in the borate gel. The process was scaled up successfully by use of a double planetary mixer.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1982.070271025
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch-borate complexes for EPTC encapsulation (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 29 (1984), S. 67-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A modification of the starch-borate technique for encapsulating the herbicide S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC) was explored. It consists of mixing the herbicide into a neutral paste of pregelatinized starch or flour followed by addition of ammonia or an amine. The paste is treated with boric acid or a borate salt to form a gel, which is coated with additional starch or flour to facilitate breaking down the gel to particles in the 10-35-mesh range suitable for drying. An important advantage of this new technique is the moderate operating pH range (9.0-11.0) and final pH range (7.2-8.5) of aqueous suspensions of the dried product, which may allow encapsulation of acid and alkali labile substances. Addition of a surfactant in the encapsulation mixture improves the recovery of the volatile EPTC. Also, about 15% less water is required than in the original technique. In the presence of water, these particles show greater swelling than particles encapsulated by the starch xanthate or starch calcium adduct techniques. However, swelling is decreased by increasing the borate content. EPTC encapsulated by this new technique shows no loss of active ingredient when dry and exposed to the atmosphere, but shows loss when placed in water. The rate of release of active ingredient through several wetting and drying cycles compares favorably with that of products made by other starch-based encapsulation methods.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1984.070290107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Starch-encapsulated pesticides for slow release (1976)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 14 (1976), S. 417-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1976.130140708
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