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  • Chemistry  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure and physical properties of biaxially stretched polyethylene terephthalate sheet after heat-setting (1992)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 32 (1992), S. 481-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The consumption of hot-fillable poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles is extremely large and is still increasing in Japan. This type of bottle is generally manufactured by the heat-set method using hot molds after stretch-blow molding. In this study, the method is simulated using a setting application in which sheets can be stretched constraining their sizes on a hot aluminum block. The crystallinities of the sheets are found to depend on the thermal history, i.e., the duration and temperature of the heat-set cycle. Heat-setting mitigates thermal-shrinkage of the sheets which is due to the increase in crystallinity or in the tense segments in the amorphous region. The structure of the heat-set sheet varies depending on the original stretched sheet. For a sample of low draw ratio, the crystallinity does not increase because of the heat-set. For a sample of medium draw ratio, the crystallinity increases greatly and the tense segments in the amorphous region also increase because of heat-set. For a sample of high draw ratio, the crystallinity increases a little but the numbers of the crystallite and tense segments in the amorphous region do not change with the heat-set.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760320705
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the three region flow curve of polymeric liquid crystals by rheo-optical methods (1993)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 1022-1026 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Steady flow behavior of bulk liquid crystals and polymeric liquid crystals are summarized into a three region flow curve. Changes in the internal structure during deformation and flow were investigated by rheo-optical methods. Two different optical geometries were used. In one method, a light beam passed through perpendicular to the shear plate, and in the other method a light beam passed perpendicular to the edge of the lamina flow. The results indicate that the details of the internal texture do not necessarily appear in the rheological properties, such as viscosity, and that the molecular orientation mechanism under shear force is fundamentally different in a liquid crystal of rod-like molecules and a suspended solution of rod-like molecules. In the isotropic solution, the rod-like molecules float or are suspended in a solvent and are oriented by the flow field of the solvent fluid. However, in a liquid crystal, the torque propagates directly on the individual rod-like molecules, affecting their orientation. They flow as if it were a plastic solid.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760331603
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheo-optical study on the reformation of structure in racemic poly(γ-benzyl glutamate) liquid crystals (1984)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 24 (1984), S. 355-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Transmitted light intensities were measured by means of the polarized light technique for the nematic liquid crystal phase of racemic poly(γ-benzyl glutamate) (PBG) in m-cresol at 25°C after cessation of steady flow at shear rates ranging from 0.2 to 110 s-1. Weight-average molecular weights of PBG used were 1.5, 2.1, and 2.6 × 105, while the concentrations varied between 20, 30, and 40 wt percent. Transmitted light intensities with crossed and parallel polarizers, Ix and I|, show wavy changes with time after cessation of steady flow, indicating the retardation decreases with time. An attempt was made to explain experimental results on the basis of a simple model, in which not only relaxation of molecular orientation but also effects of the wall and disclination were taken into account.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760240510
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