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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-05-07
    Description: Author(s): C. R. D. Brown, D. J. Hoarty, S. F. James, D. Swatton, S. J. Hughes, J. W. Morton, T. M. Guymer, M. P. Hill, D. A. Chapman, J. E. Andrew, A. J. Comley, R. Shepherd, J. Dunn, H. Chen, M. Schneider, G. Brown, P. Beiersdorfer, and J. Emig The heating of solid foils by a picosecond time scale laser pulse has been studied by using x-ray emission spectroscopy. The target material was plastic foil with a buried layer of a spectroscopic tracer material. The laser pulse length was either 0.5 or 2 ps, which resulted in a laser irradiance t... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 185003] Published Fri May 06, 2011
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2012-11-15
    Description: Author(s): H. Chen, Y. Du, W. Gai, A. Grudiev, J. Hua, W. Huang, J. G. Power, E. E. Wisniewski, W. Wuensch, C. Tang, L. Yan, and Y. You We report on investigations into the fundamental surface emission parameters, the geometric field enhancement factor ( β ) and the work function ( ϕ ), by making both field emission and Schottky-enabled photoemission measurements. The measurements were performed on a copper surface in the Tsinghua Unive... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 204802] Published Wed Nov 14, 2012
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2001-11-10
    Description: We describe a molecular switch based on the controlled methylation of nucleosome and the transcriptional cofactors, the CREB-binding proteins (CBP)/p300. The CBP/p300 methylation site is localized to an arginine residue that is essential for stabilizing the structure of the KIX domain, which mediates CREB recruitment. Methylation of KIX by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) blocks CREB activation by disabling the interaction between KIX and the kinase inducible domain (KID) of CREB. Thus, CARM1 functions as a corepressor in cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway via its methyltransferase activity while acting as a coactivator for nuclear hormones. These results provide strong in vivo and in vitro evidence that histone methylation plays a key role in hormone-induced gene activation and define cofactor methylation as a new regulatory mechanism in hormone signaling.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xu, W -- Chen, H -- Du, K -- Asahara, H -- Tini, M -- Emerson, B M -- Montminy, M -- Evans, R M -- 9R01DK57978/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2507-11. Epub 2001 Nov 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Gene Expression Laboratory, Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Davis Cancer Center/Basic Science, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11701890" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetyltransferases/metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Line ; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism ; Dimerization ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Genes, Reporter ; Histone Acetyltransferases ; Histones/metabolism ; Methylation ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nerve Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; PC12 Cells ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases/*metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Retinoic Acid/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Retinoid X Receptors ; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Somatostatin/genetics ; Trans-Activators/chemistry/*metabolism ; Transcription Factors/metabolism ; *Transcription, Genetic ; Transcriptional Activation ; Transfection ; Tretinoin/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1998-01-07
    Description: A Sonic hedgehog (Shh) response element was identified in the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter-transcription factor II (COUP-TFII) promoter that binds to a factor distinct from Gli, a gene known to mediate Shh signaling. Although this binding activity is specifically stimulated by Shh-N (amino-terminal signaling domain), it can also be unmasked with protein phosphatase treatment in the mouse cell line P19, and induction by Shh-N can be blocked by phosphatase inhibitors. Thus, Shh-N signaling may result in dephosphorylation of a target factor that is required for activation of COUP-TFII-, Islet1-, and Gli response element-dependent gene expression. This finding identifies another step in the Shh-N signaling pathway.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krishnan, V -- Pereira, F A -- Qiu, Y -- Chen, C H -- Beachy, P A -- Tsai, S Y -- Tsai, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Dec 12;278(5345):1947-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030 USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395397" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; COUP Transcription Factor II ; COUP Transcription Factors ; Cell Line ; DNA/metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Hedgehog Proteins ; Mice ; Okadaic Acid/pharmacology ; Oxazoles/pharmacology ; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proteins/*genetics/*metabolism ; *Receptors, Steroid ; Signal Transduction ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/*genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-08-04
    Description: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) trigger the production of inflammatory cytokines and shape adaptive and innate immunity to pathogens. We report the identification of B cell leukemia (Bcl)-3 as an essential negative regulator of TLR signaling. By blocking ubiquitination of p50, a member of the nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB family, Bcl-3 stabilizes a p50 complex that inhibits gene transcription. As a consequence, Bcl-3-deficient mice and cells were found to be hypersensitive to TLR activation and unable to control responses to lipopolysaccharides. Thus, p50 ubiquitination blockade by Bcl-3 limits the strength of TLR responses and maintains innate immune homeostasis. These findings indicate that the p50 ubiquitination pathway can be selectively targeted to control deleterious inflammatory diseases.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Carmody, Ruaidhri J -- Ruan, Qingguo -- Palmer, Scott -- Hilliard, Brendan -- Chen, Youhai H -- AI069289/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI50059/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- DK070691/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 3;317(5838):675-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17673665" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA/metabolism ; Female ; Half-Life ; Immune Tolerance ; Immunity, Innate ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Macrophage Activation ; Macrophages, Peritoneal/*immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; NF-kappa B p50 Subunit/*metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; *Signal Transduction ; Toll-Like Receptors/*metabolism ; Transcription Factor RelA/metabolism ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2013-05-04
    Description: In the past, avian influenza viruses have crossed species barriers to trigger human pandemics by reassorting with mammal-infective viruses in intermediate livestock hosts. H5N1 viruses are able to infect pigs, and some of them have affinity for the mammalian type alpha-2,6-linked sialic acid airway receptor. Using reverse genetics, we systematically created 127 reassortant viruses between a duck isolate of H5N1, specifically retaining its hemagglutinin (HA) gene throughout, and a highly transmissible, human-infective H1N1 virus. We tested the virulence of the reassortants in mice as a correlate for virulence in humans and tested transmissibility in guinea pigs, which have both avian and mammalian types of airway receptor. Transmission studies showed that the H1N1 virus genes encoding acidic polymerase and nonstructural protein made the H5N1 virus transmissible by respiratory droplet between guinea pigs without killing them. Further experiments implicated other H1N1 genes in the enhancement of mammal-to-mammal transmission, including those that encode nucleoprotein, neuraminidase, and matrix, as well as mutations in H5 HA that improve affinity for humanlike airway receptors. Hence, avian H5N1 subtype viruses do have the potential to acquire mammalian transmissibility by reassortment in current agricultural scenarios.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Ying -- Zhang, Qianyi -- Kong, Huihui -- Jiang, Yongping -- Gao, Yuwei -- Deng, Guohua -- Shi, Jianzhong -- Tian, Guobin -- Liu, Liling -- Liu, Jinxiong -- Guan, Yuntao -- Bu, Zhigao -- Chen, Hualan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jun 21;340(6139):1459-63. doi: 10.1126/science.1229455. Epub 2013 May 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, People's Republic of China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23641061" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/virology ; Cell Line ; Ferrets ; Genes, Viral ; Guinea Pigs ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/genetics ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/*genetics/pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/transmission/virology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/*transmission/*virology ; Reassortant Viruses/*genetics/*pathogenicity ; Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism ; Respiratory System/*virology ; Reverse Genetics ; Ribonucleoproteins/metabolism ; Viral Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Virus Replication
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: The enzyme alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase (alpha1,3GT or GGTA1) synthesizes alpha1,3-galactose (alpha1,3Gal) epitopes (Galalpha1,3Galbeta1,4GlcNAc-R), which are the major xenoantigens causing hyperacute rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Complete removal of alpha1,3Gal from pig organs is the critical step toward the success of xenotransplantation. We reported earlier the targeted disruption of one allele of the alpha1,3GT gene in cloned pigs. A selection procedure based on a bacterial toxin was used to select for cells in which the second allele of the gene was knocked out. Sequencing analysis demonstrated that knockout of the second allele of the alpha1,3GT gene was caused by a T-to-G single point mutation at the second base of exon 9, which resulted in inactivation of the alpha1,3GT protein. Four healthy alpha1,3GT double-knockout female piglets were produced by three consecutive rounds of cloning. The piglets carrying a point mutation in the alpha1,3GT gene hold significant value, as they would allow production of alpha1,3Gal-deficient pigs free of antibiotic-resistance genes and thus have the potential to make a safer product for human use.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154759/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3154759/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phelps, Carol J -- Koike, Chihiro -- Vaught, Todd D -- Boone, Jeremy -- Wells, Kevin D -- Chen, Shu-Hung -- Ball, Suyapa -- Specht, Susan M -- Polejaeva, Irina A -- Monahan, Jeff A -- Jobst, Pete M -- Sharma, Sugandha B -- Lamborn, Ashley E -- Garst, Amy S -- Moore, Marilyn -- Demetris, Anthony J -- Rudert, William A -- Bottino, Rita -- Bertera, Suzanne -- Trucco, Massimo -- Starzl, Thomas E -- Dai, Yifan -- Ayares, David L -- DK29961/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 AM007772/AM/NIADDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK029961-19/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Jan 17;299(5605):411-4. Epub 2002 Dec 19.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉PPL Therapeutics Inc., 1700 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493821" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; Bacterial Toxins/pharmacology ; Cell Line ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cloning, Organism ; DNA, Complementary ; Embryo Transfer ; Enterotoxins/pharmacology ; Female ; Fibroblasts ; Galactosyltransferases/*deficiency/*genetics ; *Gene Targeting ; Genetic Vectors ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/blood ; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; *Point Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Swine/*genetics ; Transfection ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; Trisaccharides/*analysis/biosynthesis/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2004-08-07
    Description: Vesicle fusion involves vesicle tethering, docking, and membrane merger. We show that mitofusin, an integral mitochondrial membrane protein, is required on adjacent mitochondria to mediate fusion, which indicates that mitofusin complexes act in trans (that is, between adjacent mitochondria). A heptad repeat region (HR2) mediates mitofusin oligomerization by assembling a dimeric, antiparallel coiled coil. The transmembrane segments are located at opposite ends of the 95 angstrom coiled coil and provide a mechanism for organelle tethering. Consistent with this proposal, truncated mitofusin, in an HR2-dependent manner, causes mitochondria to become apposed with a uniform gap. Our results suggest that HR2 functions as a mitochondrial tether before fusion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Koshiba, Takumi -- Detmer, Scott A -- Kaiser, Jens T -- Chen, Hsiuchen -- McCaffery, J Michael -- Chan, David C -- R01 GM62967/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR019409-01/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Aug 6;305(5685):858-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, MC114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15297672" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dimerization ; GTP Phosphohydrolases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hybrid Cells ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Intracellular Membranes/physiology/ultrastructure ; Membrane Fusion ; Mice ; Mitochondria/*metabolism/ultrastructure ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2018-09-01
    Description: Author(s): M. A. Barrios, J. D. Moody, L. J. Suter, M. Sherlock, H. Chen, W. Farmer, J. Jaquez, O. Jones, R. L. Kauffman, J. D. Kilkenny, J. Kroll, O. L. Landen, D. A. Liedahl, S. A. Maclaren, N. B. Meezan, A. Nikroo, M. B. Schneider, D. B. Thorn, K. Widmann, and G. Pérez-Callejo We report on the first multilocation electron temperature ( T e ) and flow measurements in an ignition hohlraum at the National Ignition Facility using the novel technique of mid- Z spectroscopic tracer “dots.” The measurements define a low resolution “map” of hohlraum plasma conditions and provide a ba... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 121, 095002] Published Fri Aug 31, 2018
    Keywords: Plasma and Beam Physics
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 1993-05-28
    Description: Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) affects cellular proliferation, differentiation, and interaction with the extracellular matrix primarily through interaction with the type I and type II TGF-beta receptors. The type II receptors for TGF-beta and activin contain putative serine-threonine kinase domains. A murine serine-threonine kinase receptor, Tsk 7L, was cloned that shared a conserved extracellular domain with the type II TGF-beta receptor. Overexpression of Tsk 7L alone did not increase cell surface binding of TGF-beta, but coexpression with the type II TGF-beta receptor caused TGF-beta to bind to Tsk 7L, which had the size of the type I TGF-beta receptor. Overexpression of Tsk 7L inhibited binding of TGF-beta to the type II receptor in a dominant negative fashion. Combinatorial interactions and stoichiometric ratios between the type I and II receptors may therefore determine the extent of TGF-beta binding and the resulting biological activities.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ebner, R -- Chen, R H -- Shum, L -- Lawler, S -- Zioncheck, T F -- Lee, A -- Lopez, A R -- Derynck, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 May 28;260(5112):1344-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Growth and Development, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8388127" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Cloning, Molecular ; Humans ; Mice ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; Quail ; Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta ; Transfection ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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