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  • GEOPHYSICS  (5,415)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (3,568)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopy in solid state science (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 24 (1993), S. 299-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: STEM ; PEELS ; HAADFI ; Nanolithography ; Super-resolution ; STM ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: The Microstructural Physics group at the Cavendish Laboratory is actively involved in a considerable number of research projects which cover a broad range of materials science. In this paper, we describe briefly several such projects, with particular emphasis given to the application of parallel-detection electron energy loss spectroscopy (PEELS) on a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to the analysis of materials such as stainless steels, catalysts, and high temperature superconductors. In addition, we describe a number of related projects that are currently being carried out in the group, particularly those which utilise and develop novel STEM imaging and analytical techniques. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 19 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070240404
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation and cultivation of blastocyst-derived stem cell lines from american mink (Mustela vison) (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 33 (1992), S. 418-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Embryonic stem cells ; Cell differentiation ; Pluripotency ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Ten embryonic stem (ES) cell lines from mink blastocysts were isolated and characterized. All the lines had a normal diploid karyotype; of the ten lines studied, five had the XX and five had the XY constitution. Testing of the pluripotency of the ES-like cells demonstrated that (1) among four lines of genotype XX, an X was late-replicating in three; both Xs were active in about one-third of cells of line MES8, and analysis of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase revealed no dosage compensation for the X-linked gene; (2) when cultured in suspension, the majority of lines were capable of forming “simple” embryoid bodies (EB), and two only showed the capacity for forming “cystic” multilayer EBs. However, formation of ectoderm or foci of yolk sac hematopoiesis, a feature of mouse ES ceils, was not observed in the “cystic” EB; (3) when cultured as a monolayer without feeder, the ES cells differentiated into either vimentin-positive fibroblast-like cells or cytokeratin-positive epithelial-like cells (less frequently); neural cells appeared in two lines; (4) when injected into athymic mice, only one of the four tested lines gave rise to tumors. These were fibrosarcomas composed of fibrobalst-like cells, with an admixture of smooth muscular elements and stray islets of epithelial tissue; (5) when the ES cells of line MES1 were injected into 102 blastocyst cavities and subsequently transplanted into foster mathers, we obtained 30 offspring. Analysis of the biochemical markers and coat color did not demonstrate the presence of chimaeras among offspring. Thus the cell lines derived from mink blastocysts are true ES cells. However, their pluripotential capacities are restricted. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080330408
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  • 3
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    Transcontinental baselines and the rotation of the earth measured by radio interferometry (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Nine separate very-long-baseline interferometry experiments, carried out in 1972 and 1973 with radio telescopes 3900 kilometers apart, yielded values for the baseline length with an rms deviation about the mean of less than 20 centimeters. The corresponding fractional spread is about five parts in 100,000,000. Changes in universal time and in polar motion were also determined accurately from these data. The rms scatter of these results with respect to those based on optical methods was 2.9 msec and 1.3 m, respectively. Solid-earth tides were apparently detected, but no useful estimate of their amplitude was extracted.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science; 186; Dec. 6
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Precision geodesy via radio interferometry. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Very-long-baseline interferometry experiments, involving observations of extragalactic radio sources, were performed in 1969 to determine the vector separations between antenna sites in Massachusetts and West Virginia. The 845.130-kilometer baseline was estimated from two separate experiments. The results agreed with each other to within 2 meters in all three components and with a special geodetic survey to within 2 meters in length; the differences in baseline direction as determined by the survey and by interferometry corresponded to discrepancies of about 5 meters. The experiments also yielded positions for nine extragalactic radio sources and allowed the hydrogen maser clocks at the two sites to be synchronized.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Science; 178; Oct. 27
    Format: text
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategy and planning for chemopreventive drug development: Clinical development plans (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 56 (1994), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: At the National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, the Chemoprevention Branch and Agent Development Committee develop strategies for efficiently identifying, procuring, and advancing the most promising drugs into clinical trials. Scientific expertise is applied at each phase of development to critically review the testing methods and results, and to establish and apply criteria for evaluating the agents for further development. The Clinical Development Plan, prepared by the Chemoprevention Branch and the Agent Development Committee, is a summary of the status of the agent regarding evidence for safety and chemopreventive efficacy in preclinical and clinical studies. It also contains the strategy for further development of the drug that addresses pharmacodynamics, drug effect measurements, intermediate biomarkers for monitoring efficacy, toxicity, supply and formulation, regulatory approval, and proposed clinical trials. Sixteen Clinical Development Plans are presented here: N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), aspirin, calcium, β-carotene, 2-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), DHEA analog 8354, 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid, N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR), ibuprofen, oltipraz, piroxicam, Proscar®, sulindac, tamoxifen, vitamin D3 and analogs and vitamin E. The objective of publishing these plans is to stimulate interest and thinking among the scientific community on the prospects for developing chemopreventive drugs. 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240560906
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytokine induction of proliferation and expression of CDC2 and cyclin a in FDC-P1 myeloid hematopoietic progenitor cells: Regulation of ubiquitous and cell cycle-dependent histone gene transcription factors (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 59 (1995), S. 291-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: IL-3-dependent FDC-P1 cells ; histone H4 gene ; cell cycle control ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: To evaluate transcriptional mechanisms during cytokine induction of myeloid progenitor cell proliferation, we examined the expression and activity of transcription factors that control cell cycle-dependent histone genes in interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent FDC-P1 cells. Histone genes are transcriptionally upregulated in response to a series of cellular regulatory signals that mediate competency for cell cycle progression at the G1/S-phase transition. We therefore focused on factors that are functionally related to activity of the principal cell cycle progression at the G1/S-phase transition. We therefore focused on factors that are functionally related to activity of the principal cell cycle regulatory element of the histone H4 promoter:CDC2, cyclin A, as well as RB-and IRF-related proteins. Comparisons were made with activities of ubiquitous transcription factors that influence a broad spectrum of promoters independent of proliferation or expression of tissue-specific phenotypic properties. Northern blot analysis indicates that cellular levels of cyclin A and CDC2 mRNAs increase when DNA synthesis and H4 gene expression are initiated, supporting invoulvement in cell cycle progression. Using gel-shift assays, incorporating factor-specific antibody and oligonucleotide competition controls, we define three sequential periods following cytokine stimulation of FDC-P1 cells when selective upregulation of a subset of transcription factors is observed. In the initial period, the levels of SP1 and HiNF-P are moderately elevated; ATF, AP-1, and HiNF-M/IRF-2 are maximal during the second period; while E2F and HiNF-D, which contain cyclin A as a component, predominate during the third period, coinciding with maximal H4 gene expression and DNA synthesis. Differential regulation of H4 gene transcription factors following growth stimulation is consistent with a principal role of histone gene promoter elements in integrating cues from multiple signaling pathways that control cell cycle induction and progression. Regulation of transcription factors controlling histone gene promoter activity within the context of a staged cascade of responsiveness to cyclins and other physiological mediators of proliferation in FDC-P1 cells provides a paradigm for experimentally addressing interdependent cell cycle and cell growth parameters that are operative in hematopoietic stem cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240590302
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  • 7
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    Aircraft measurements of NO(x) over the eastern Pacific and continental United States and implications for ozone production (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are reported from airborne measurements of NO, NO2, O3, and CO obtained in the free troposphere (FT) and boundary layer (BL) over the western U.S. and eastern Pacific during the NASA Global Tropospheric Experiment Chemical Instrumentation Test and Evaluation 2 (CITE 2) in summer 1986. The aircraft instrumentation and the CITE 2 flight protocols are described, and the results are presented in extensive tables and graphs. Over the ocean the median mixing ratios for NO and NO2 were found to be 4.0 and 10.4 parts per trillion by volume (pptv), respectively, in the BL and 12.4 and 18.0 pptv in the FT; the corresponding values over land were 34.5 and 75.0 pptv in the BL and 13.0 and 36.0 pptv in the FT. in continental air masses. NO(x) is shown to be positively correlated with O3 and CO and negatively correlated with dewpoint over the ocean, whereas over land NO(x) was positively correlated with O3, CO, and dewpoint.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 95; 10205-10
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Airborne lidar observations in the wintertime Arctic stratosphere - Ozone (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Large-scale distributions of ozone (O3) were measured with an airborne lidar system as part of the 1989 Airborne Arctic Stratospheric Expedition. Measurements of O3 distributions were obtained between January 6 and February 15, 1989, on 15 long-range flights into the polar vortex from the Solar Air Station, Norway. The observed O3 distribution was found to clearly indicate the edge of the polar vortex and to be an effective tracer of dynamical processes in the lower stratosphere. On the last two flights of the expedition, large regions with reduced O3 levels were observed by the lidar inside the polar vortex. Ozone had decreased by as much as 17 percent in the center of these areas, and using the in situ measurements made on the ER-2 aircraft, it was concluded that this decline was due to chemical O3 destruction.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters, Supplement (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 325-328
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    In situ ozone measurements within the 1987 Antarctic ozone hole from a high-altitude ER-2 aircraft (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In situ ozone measurements were made from the ER-2 aircraft during the 1987 Airborne Antarctic Ozone Experiment both inside and outside the ozone hole. Midday measurements from late August until late September during aircraft ascent near 53 deg S latitude indicate no clear temporal trend in ozone mixing ratio but instead reflect the distance of the measurement from the chemically perturbed region. The measurements made within the ozone hole at 72 deg S show altitude-dependent decreases in ozone of 61 percent at a potential temperature of 425 K down to 39 percent at 365 K. Temporal trends are also calculated at various positions relative to the boundary of the chemically perturbed region to locate the region of large ozone decreases and thereby accurately locate the boundary of the ozone hole.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 16547-16
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Multifrequency dial sensing of the atmospheric gaseous constituents using the first and second harmonics of a tunable CO2 laser radiation (1986)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The results of field measurements of concentration of some gaseous components of the atmosphere along the paths, in Sofia, Bulgaria, using a gas analyzer based on the use of a CO2 laser radiation frequency-doubled with ZnGeP2 monocrystals are presented. The gas analyzer is a traditional long path absorption meter. Radiation from the tunable CO2 laser of low pressure and from an additional He-Ne laser is directed to a colliminating hundredfold Gregori telescope with a 300 mm diameter of the principal mirror. The dimensions of the mirrors of a retroreflector 500 x 500 mm and a receiving telescope allow one to totally intercept the beam passed through the atmospheric layer under study and back.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center 13th International Laser Radar Conference; 3 p
    Format: application/pdf
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