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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of some new polysiloxane stationary phases by principal component analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 38 (1994), S. 227-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Stationary phase characterization ; Principal component analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In this study, several new stationary phases were characterized by principal component analysis. Fourteen new stationary phases, including substituted phenyl and oligoethyleneoxide functionalities on polysiloxane polymers, were tested and compared to three well known stationary phases. The main features of these phases were studied using a series of test solutes of varying chemical characteristics representing the data set for principal component analysis. Two principal compounds were found to account for 99.20% of the variance (the first accounted for 94.96% and the second for 4.24%). The data were represented as a two-dimensional map for visual representation of the characteristics of these stationary phases. The first principal component represented a selectivity based on polarity (r2=0.998), while the second showed Lewis acid-base characteristics of the phases. Polarizable and amphoteric characteristics of these phases also became evident using this evaluation method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02290341
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of glass, quartz, and fused silica capillary column surfaces from contact-angle measurements (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 387-397 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Capillary columns ; Fused silica ; Contact angle ; Wettability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary This paper describes the systematic characterization of glass and the newly introduced fused silica and quartz capillary columns from surface wettability measurements. Common gas chromatographic stationary phases were used in capillary-rise measurements at temperatures up to 300°C. By construction of Zisman plots and using the Cassie equation, the relative surface concentrations of wettable and non-wettable groups were determined. By application of the Fowkes equation, the dispersion force component of the surface energy was investigated. The influence of various surface treatments such as leaching, silylation, and polymeric film formation are discussed. Wettability measurements were also used to evaluate the thermostability of various treated surfaces and to compare the surface properties of glass, quartz, and fused silica. The wettability of the surfaces with selected stationary phases as a function of temperature is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262872
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors affecting the retention of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in gas chromatography (1981)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 14 (1981), S. 69-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons ; Retention index ; Vapour pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary The retention index of a planar polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon on the GC phases OV-101, SE-52, and OV-17 is strictly related only to the boiling point, and less closely to the relative molecular mass. The very approximates relation with connectivity index ins only a consequence of the latter. On a nematic lqiuid crystal phase, a variation of activity coefficient, expressed in terms of a shape factor, also influences the retention of PAH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02279514
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Static coating of capillary columns using mixed solvents (1983)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 17 (1983), S. 451-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Static coating ; Mixed solvents ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Mixed solvents in coating solutions were employed to facilitate (lower temperatures and shorter times) the static coating of capillary columns. Different volume ratios of mixed solvents used in the coating solutions do not affect the quality of capillary columns coated with stationary phases of different polarity. Small diameter (〈100 μm i.d.) capillaries of up to 50 m long were successfully coated with a methylphenylpolysiloxane (50% phenyl) for use in supercritical-fluid chromatography. In addition, an 80 m×0.31 mm i.d. capillary was statically coated with Superox 20 M (0.25 μm film thickness) in a 1∶1n-pentane/methylene chloride mixture at 55 °C. The coating time was only 7 hrs, and the resultant column exhibited a total of 170,000 theoretical plates (k′=5.5).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262929
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deactivation of small-diameter fused-silica capillary columns for gas and supercritical fluid chromatography (1984)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 18 (1984), S. 362-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Deactivation of columns ; Capillary gas chromatography ; Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In order to prevent plugging during deactivation of small diameter (50 μm i.d.) capillary columns for gas and supercritical fluid chromatography, various high temperature deactivation methods were employed. Pure hexamethyldisilazane and hexamethyldisiloxane (a substitute for D4) were dynamically coated on the column, while a film (0.05 μm) of OV-101 was statically coated, before high temperature (450°C) treatment. Excellent deactivated columns were obtained, and no significant difference in column activity was observed using any of these three methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262481
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumentation for comprehensive two-dimensional capillary supercritical fluid-gas chromatography (1993)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 35 (1993), S. 567-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; High speed analysis ; Thermal desorption ; Two dimensional analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary A two-dimensional supercritical fluid-gas chromatography system was constructed and evaluated. A 50-μm i.d. capillary column coated with a 50 % cyanopropyl polysilixane stationary phase was used as the firstdimensional column. Group-type separations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, based on the number of aromatic rings, were achieved using this column under SFC conditions. A 25-μm i.d. liquid crystal column was used as the second-dimensional column under GC conditions. The effluent from the first column (SFC) was received continuously by the second column (GC) through a thermal desorption modulator. The thermal desorption modulator (prepared at the head of the second column) generated a series of concentration pulses from the first column effluent. These concentration pulses served as injections to the second column, and were developed into a corresponding series of high-speed chromatograms. Grouptype sample bands from the first column were separated into individual components on the second column. All sample substances passed through both columns to generate two sets of retention data, which could be used for more accurate compound identification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267918
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peak capacity in packed capillary column solvating gas chromatography (1999)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 49 (1999), S. 333-337 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Gas chromatography ; Solvating gas chromatography ; Peak capacity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In this paper, a general peak capacity expression was evaluated using columns containing various packing materials under solvating gas chromatography (SGC) conditions. Differing from column efficiency, peak capacity can describe both separation capability and speed when introducing the dead time into the peak capacity expression. Various factors that influence peak capacity in SGC are described, including particle pore size, chemical surface modification, particle size, column length, temperature, and pressure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467566
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative application of sulfur chemiluminescence detection in gas and supercritical fluid chromatography (1992)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 33 (1992), S. 507-513 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Supercritical carbon dioxide ; Sulfur chemiluminescence detection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Sulfur chemiluminescence detection (SCD) for the determination of sulfur-containing compounds in gas chromatography (GC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is described. The detector is based on the chemiluminescence reaction of ozone with sulfur monoxide which is produced in an H2/O2 reducing flame from sulfur-containing analytes. High selectivity over nonsulfur-containing species has been achieved for a number of mercaptans and sulfur-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Minimum detectable quantities of 23 and 26 pg S (S/N=3) for dibenzothiophene and benzo[b]naphtho[1,2-d]thiophene, respectively, have been obtained using the SFC/SCD system. It was found that connecting a buffer volume flask to the vent of the vacuum pump that draws the effluents and ozone gas into the chemiluminescence reaction chamber, increases the sensitivity of the SCD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02262240
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polybutadiene-coated zirconia packing materials in solvating gas chromatography using carbon dioxide as mobile phase (1999)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 49 (1999), S. 431-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography ; Supercritical fluid chromatography ; Solvating gas chromatography ; Polybutadiene coated zirconia ; CO2 mobile phase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary In this paper, practical considerations of column efficiency, separation speed, thermal stability, and column polarity of capillary columns packed with polybutadiene-coated zirconia were investigated under solvating gas chromatography (SGC) conditions using carbon dioxide as mobile phase. When compared with results obtained from conventional porous octadecyl obtained from conventional porous octadecyl bonded silica (ODS) particles, PBD-zirconia particles produced greater change in mobile phase linear velocity with pressure than conventional ODS particles under the same conditions. The maximum plate number per second (Nt) obtained with a 30 cm PBD-zirconia column was approximately 1.5 times higher than that obtained with an ODS column at 100 °C. Therefore, the PBD-zirconia phase is more suitable for fast separations than conventional ODS particles in SGC. Maximum plate numbers per meter of 76,900 and 63,300 were obtained using a 57 cm×250 μm i.d. fused silica capillary column packed with 3 μm PBD-zirconia at 50 °C and 100 °C, respectively. The PBD-zirconia phase was stable at temperatures up to 320 °C under SGC conditions using carbon dioxide as mobile phase. Polarizable aromatic compounds and low molecular weight ketones and aldehydes were eluted with symmetrical peaks from a 10 cm column packed with 3 μm PBD-zirconia. Zirconia phases with greater inertness are required for the analysis of more polar compounds by SGC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02467619
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supercritical fluid injection of high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic compounds in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1986)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 9 (1986), S. 213-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary supercritical fluid chromatography ; Injection system ; Polycyclic aromatic compounds ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A sample introduction system for capillary supercritical fluid chromatography, which allows the dissolution of the sample in the supercritical mobile phase before being introduced into the column, was constructed and evaluated. Supercritical n-pentane was shown to solvate high-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic compounds that could not be solvated using typical liquid solvents. In addition, split injection of a supercritical fluid solution was found to be more reproducible than split injections of a liquid solution. The potential of such an injection system was demonstrated, although further developments are needed in order to make the technique of practically utility.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240090404
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