Publication Date:
2000-11-10
Description:
Gene duplication has generally been viewed as a necessary source of material for the origin of evolutionary novelties, but it is unclear how often gene duplicates arise and how frequently they evolve new functions. Observations from the genomic databases for several eukaryotic species suggest that duplicate genes arise at a very high rate, on average 0.01 per gene per million years. Most duplicated genes experience a brief period of relaxed selection early in their history, with a moderate fraction of them evolving in an effectively neutral manner during this period. However, the vast majority of gene duplicates are silenced within a few million years, with the few survivors subsequently experiencing strong purifying selection. Although duplicate genes may only rarely evolve new functions, the stochastic silencing of such genes may play a significant role in the passive origin of new species.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lynch, M -- Conery, J S -- R01-GM36827/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Nov 10;290(5494):1151-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA. mlynch@oregon.uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11073452" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Amino Acid Substitution
;
Animals
;
Arabidopsis/genetics
;
Base Sequence
;
Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics
;
Chickens/genetics
;
Databases, Factual
;
Drosophila melanogaster/genetics
;
*Evolution, Molecular
;
Gene Duplication
;
Gene Silencing
;
*Genes, Duplicate
;
*Genome
;
Humans
;
Mice
;
Models, Genetic
;
Mutation
;
Oryza/genetics
;
Probability
;
Proteins/chemistry/genetics
;
Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genetics
;
Selection, Genetic
;
Stochastic Processes
;
Time Factors
Print ISSN:
0036-8075
Electronic ISSN:
1095-9203
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Computer Science
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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