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  • Axons/physiology  (1)
  • DHA:EPA (20:5w-3)  (1)
  • Eye lipids  (1)
  • 1
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    Cortical representations of olfactory input by trans-synaptic tracing (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-12-24
    Description: In the mouse, each class of olfactory receptor neurons expressing a given odorant receptor has convergent axonal projections to two specific glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, thereby creating an odour map. However, it is unclear how this map is represented in the olfactory cortex. Here we combine rabies-virus-dependent retrograde mono-trans-synaptic labelling with genetics to control the location, number and type of 'starter' cortical neurons, from which we trace their presynaptic neurons. We find that individual cortical neurons receive input from multiple mitral cells representing broadly distributed glomeruli. Different cortical areas represent the olfactory bulb input differently. For example, the cortical amygdala preferentially receives dorsal olfactory bulb input, whereas the piriform cortex samples the whole olfactory bulb without obvious bias. These differences probably reflect different functions of these cortical areas in mediating innate odour preference or associative memory. The trans-synaptic labelling method described here should be widely applicable to mapping connections throughout the mouse nervous system.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073090/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3073090/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miyamichi, Kazunari -- Amat, Fernando -- Moussavi, Farshid -- Wang, Chen -- Wickersham, Ian -- Wall, Nicholas R -- Taniguchi, Hiroki -- Tasic, Bosiljka -- Huang, Z Josh -- He, Zhigang -- Callaway, Edward M -- Horowitz, Mark A -- Luo, Liqun -- R01 MH063912/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050835/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Apr 14;472(7342):191-6. doi: 10.1038/nature09714. Epub 2010 Dec 22.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉HHMI/Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21179085" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/anatomy & histology/cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Axons/physiology ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; Brain Mapping ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; *Neuroanatomical Tract-Tracing Techniques ; Odors/analysis ; Olfactory Bulb/anatomy & histology/cytology/physiology ; Olfactory Pathways/anatomy & histology/*cytology/*physiology ; Olfactory Perception/genetics/*physiology ; Olfactory Receptor Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Rabies virus/physiology ; Synapses/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of soya phosphatidylcholine in tuna orbital oil enrichment emulsions for Artemia (1997)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 5 (1997), S. 517-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: Artemia enrichment ; DHA (22:6w-3) ; DHA:EPA (20:5w-3) ; PUFA ; Soya PC ; Tuna orbital oil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Oil-seawater emulsions of 12%, 8%, 4% and 2% soya phosphatidylcholine (PC) in tuna orbital oil (TOO) (w:w) were tested with respect to their suitability as Artemia enrichment media. Levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) accumulated by feeding Artemia nauplii were measured after enrichment periods of 0, 14, 18 and 20 h, and the stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids levels in the emulsions were also monitored throughout the enrichment process. Artemia enrichment efficiency in terms of %DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, 22:6w-3) and DHA:EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid, 20:5w-3) ratios were similar for all four types of emulsions (10-12% and 1.7-1.8, respectively). However, 8% and 12% soya PC/TOO emulsions yielded nauplii with slightly higher mean lipid contents than the other two treatments (235-243 and 217-229 mg lipid g-1 dry body weight, respectively). Stability of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) levels within the emulsions in seawater, and of DHA and EPA levels in particular, correlated with soya PC concentration. In 12% soya PC/TOO emulsions, PUFA levels remained high after 20 h enrichment whilst those in the 2% and 4% soya PC emulsions showed a marked reduction by 18 h enrichment time. It is suggested that soya PC may protect PUFA levels in the emulsions in a dose-dependent manner, probably by acting as an antioxidant. No significant improvement in Artemia total lipid content or DHA:EPA ratio occurred when enrichment was continued for longer than 18 h. When using this enrichment system, it is preferable, therefore, to employ the 12% soya PC/TOO emulsion and to terminate the enrichment process at 18 h, thus preventing the risk of PUFA levels deteriorating in the emulsion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018353232431
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of different dietary levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6w-3) on the DHA composition of lipid classes in sea bass larvae eyes (1997)
    Springer
    Aquaculture international 5 (1997), S. 509-516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-143X
    Keywords: DHA (22:6w-3) ; Eye lipids ; Larvae ; Sea bass ; (Dicentrarchus labrax)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effect of different dietary levels of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6w-3) on the corresponding composition of lipid classes of the eyes of sea bass, Dicentraxrchus labrax, larvae was studied using Artemia nauplii enriched with different products: oil emulsions, liposomes, a dry microalga and baker's yeast. DHA was found to be a major constituent of phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine of visual tissues. The different DHA dietary levels were markedly reflected in the fatty acid composition of the lipid classes of eyes, suggesting a dose-dependent relationship between DHA in the food and in visual tissue lipids of sea bass larvae. The possible implications of this dietary effect are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018301215592
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