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  • Atmospheric Sciences  (4)
  • Chemistry  (1)
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  • 1
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    Validation of a semi-Lagrangian, canonical regression model of climates in the southwestern United States (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15664 | 8 | 2014-11-17 18:38:55 | 15664
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):A local climate model (LCM) has been developed to simulate the modern and 18 ka climate of the southwestern United States. ... LCM solutions indicate summers were about 1°C cooler and winters 11°C cooler at 18 ka. Annual PREC increased 68% at 18 ka, with large increases in spring and fall PREC and diminished summer monsoonal PREC. ... Validation of simulations of 18 ka climate indicate general agreement with proxy estimates of climate for that time. However, the LCM estimates of summer temperatures are about 5 to 10°C higher than estimates from proxy reconstructions.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Earth Sciences ; Oceanography ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 163-171
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  • 2
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    High-resolution computation of isotopic processes in northern California using a local climate model (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15668 | 8 | 2014-11-17 19:32:57 | 15668
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):We describe a coupled local climate/isotope model that can calculate Rayleigh-type processes of distillation and fractionation of hydrogen isotopes along individual air mass flowlines in the western United States.This climate model is an extension of that detailed earlier by Craig and Stamm (1990). ... Volumetric effects of evapotranspiration (ET) are included. The model allows sensitivity studies of the influence of ET recycling.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Chemistry ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 191-203
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  • 3
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    A stochastic model of temporal variations in monthly temperature, precipitation, snowfall, and resulting snowpack (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/14586 | 8 | 2014-02-14 01:37:43 | 14586
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-29
    Description: We report a Monte Carlo representation of the long-term inter-annual variability of monthly snowfall on a detailed (1 km) grid of points throughout the southwest. An extension of the local climate model of the southwestern United States (Stamm and Craig 1992) provides spatially based estimates of mean and variance of monthly temperature and precipitation. The mean is the expected value from a canonical regression using independent variables that represent controls on climate in this area, including orography. Variance is computed as the standard error of the prediction and provides site-specific measures of (1) natural sources of variation and (2) errors due to limitations of the data and poor distribution of climate stations. Simulation of monthly temperature and precipitation over a sequence of years is achieved by drawing from a bivariate normal distribution. The conditional expectation of precipitation. given temperature in each month, is the basis of a numerical integration of the normal probability distribution of log precipitation below a threshold temperature (3°C) to determine snowfall as a percent of total precipitation. Snowfall predictions are tested at stations for which long-term records are available. At Donner Memorial State Park (elevation 1811 meters) a 34-year simulation - matching the length of instrumental record - is within 15 percent of observed for mean annual snowfall. We also compute resulting snowpack using a variation of the model of Martinec et al. (1983). This allows additional tests by examining spatial patterns of predicted snowfall and snowpack and their hydrologic implications.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 165-172
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  • 4
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    A statistical model of climates in the southwestern United States (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/15557 | 8 | 2014-11-06 01:01:24 | 15557
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: EXTRACT (SEE PDF FOR FULL ABSTRACT):We describe an empirical-statistical model of climates of the southwestern United States. Boundary conditions include sea surface temperatures, atmospheric transmissivity, and topography. Independent variables are derived from the boundary conditions along 1000-km paths of atmospheric circulation. ... Predictor equations are derived over a larger region than the application area to allow for the increased range of paleoclimate. This larger region is delimited by the autocorrelation properties of climatic data.
    Keywords: Atmospheric Sciences ; Oceanography ; PACLIM
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 27-31
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