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  • Astrophysics  (4)
  • OCEANOGRAPHY  (1)
  • Turbulence Model  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical predictions of flows over backward-facing steps (1984)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 4 (1984), S. 711-724 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: Finite-Volume Method ; Numerical Diffusion ; Upstream Weighted Differencing ; Skew Upstream Differencing ; Turbulent Recirculating Flow ; Turbulence Model ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Predictions are reported for two-dimensional, steady, incompressible flows over rearward-facing steps for both laminar and turbulent conditions. The standard k-∊ turbulence model was used for the turbulent flow. Attention was focused on obtaining accurate solutions to the differential equations. It is concluded that some of the serious discrepancies that have occurred between prediction and observation, and attributed in earlier studies to the inadequacy of the turbulence model, may have been due to the inaccuracy of the solution.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650040802
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Upwelled spectral radiance distribution in relation to particulate matter in sea water (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Spectral analysis of water color and concurrent measurements of the relative concentration of various particulate and dissolved constituents within a broad range of water types are necessary to quantify ocean color observations and successfully relate them to various biological and physical processes that can be monitored by remote sensing. Some of the results of a Nimbus-G prelaunch cruise in connection with the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) experiment, which was carried out in the Gulf of Mexico in October 1977, are presented and discussed. Based upon a small but diverse sample of near-surface measurements, it appears possible to estimate total suspended particulate matter (SPM) to useful accuracies by forming ratios of the spectral radiances measured at wavelengths falling near the centers of certain CZCS bands, viz., 440 nm:550 nm and 440 nm:520 nm. Furthermore, the analysis suggests a very high degree of covariation between SPM and phytoplankton pigments except for certain well-defined special cases.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Propagation of Light Elements in the Galaxy (2003)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: The origin and evolution of isotopes of the lightest elements d, He-3, Li, Be, and B in the universe is a key problem in such fields as astrophysics of CR, Galactic evolution, non-thermal nucleosynthesis, and cosmological studies. One of the major sources of these species is spallation by CR nuclei in the interstellar medium. On the other hand, it is the Boron/Carbon ratio in CR and Be-10 abundance which are used to fix the propagation parameters and thus spallation rate. We study production and Galactic propagation of these species using the numerical propagation code GALPROP and updated production cross sections.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: 28th ICRC; Jul 31, 2003 - Aug 07, 2003; Japan
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  • 4
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    Propagation Model for Cosmic Ray Species in the Galaxy (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: During the last decade there have been a number of space and balloon experiments with improved sensivity and statistics, which impose stricter constraints on cosmic ray propagation models. Propagation is the main issue in the interpretation of such data as antiproton and positron fluxes in cosmic rays, and diffuse gamma-ray emission. We develop a new propagation model that reproduces measurements of secondary antiprotons as well as primary and secondary nuclei. We will present results of our calculation of CR propagation in the Galaxy for this model using the GALPROP code.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
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  • 5
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    Detailed Investigation of the Gamma-Ray Emission in the Vicinity of SNR W28 with FERMI-LAT (2014)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We present a detailed investigation of the Gamma-ray emission in the vicinity of the supernova remnant (SNR) W28 (G6.40.1) observed by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope. We detected significant -ray emission spatially coincident with TeV sources HESS J1800240A, B, and C, located outside the radio boundary of the SNR. Their spectra in the 2-100 GeV band are consistent with the extrapolation of the power-law spectra of the TeV sources. We also identified a new source of GeV emission, dubbed Source W, which lies outside the boundary of TeV sources and coincides with radio emission from the western part of W28. All of the GeV Gamma-ray sources overlap with molecular clouds in the velocity range from 0 to 20 km s (exp1). Under the assumption that the Gamma-ray emission toward HESS J1800240A, B, and C comes from 3.14(exp0) decay due to the interaction between the molecular clouds and cosmic rays (CRs) escaping from W28, they can be naturally explained by a single model in which the CR diffusion coefficient is smaller than the theoretical expectation in the interstellar space. The total energy of the CRs escaping from W28 is constrained through the same modeling to be larger than is approximately 2 10(exp49) erg. The emission from Source W can also be explained with the same CR escape scenario.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN15818 , The Astrophysical Journal; 786; 2; 145
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  • 6
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    Observations of the Li, Be, and B Isotopes and Constraints on Cosmic-ray Propagation (2007)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: The abundance of Li, Be, and B isotopes in galactic cosmic rays (GCR) between E=50-200 MeV/nucleon has been observed by the Cosmic Ray Isotope Spectrometer (CRIS) on NASA's ACE mission since 1997 with high statistical accuracy. Precise observations of Li, Be, B can be used to constrain GCR propagation models. We find that a diffusive reacceleration model with parameters that best match CRIS results (e.g. B/C, Li/C, etc) are also consistent with other GCR observations. A approx. 15-20% overproduction of Li and Be in the model predictions is attributed to uncertainties in the production cross-section data. The latter becomes a significant limitation to the study of rare GCR species that are generated predominantly via spallation.
    Keywords: Astrophysics
    Type: To appear in Journal of Advances in Space Research
    Format: application/pdf
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