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  • 1
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    The Spectrum of the Cosmic X-ray Background Observed by RTXE/PCA (2004)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-06
    Description: We have analyzed a large set of Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer/Proportional Counter Array (RXTE/PCA) scanning and slewing observations performed between April 1996 and March 1999. We obtained the 3-20 keV spectrum of the cosmic X-ray background (CXB) by subtracting Earth-occulted observations from observations of the X-ray sky at high galactic latitude and far away from sources. The sky coverage is approximately 22.6 x 10(exp 3) square degrees. The PCA spectrum of CXB in 3-20 keV energy band is adequately approximated by a single power law with photon index GAMMA approximately 1.4 and normalization at 1 keV approximately 9.5 phot/s/square centimeter/keV/sr. Instrumental background uncertainty precludes accurate RXTE/PCA measurements of the spectrum of cosmic X-ray background at energies above 15 keV and therefore we cannot detect the high energy cutoff observed by the High Energy Astronomical Observatory (HEAO)-1 A2 experiment. Deep observations of the 6 high latitude points used to model the PCA background provide a coarse measure of the spatial variation of the CXB. The CXB variations are consistent with a fixed spectral shape and variable normalization characterized by a fractional rms amplitude of approximately 7% on angular scales of approximately 1 square deg.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Astronomy and Astrophysics; Volume 411; 329-334
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    RXTE observations of AGN (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observed three active galaxies during its in-orbit verification phase: NGC 4151; NGC 4945, and MCG 8-11-11. All three were detected from 2 keV to more than 100 keV by a combination of the proportional counter array (PCA) and the high energy X-ray timing experiment (HEXTE). The PCA contains five, xenon/methane, multilayer, multiwire, gas proportional counters covering the 2 to 60 keV range, while HEXTE is an array of eight NaI/CsI phoswich scintillation counters covering the 15 to 250 keV range. The three active galaxies represent the classes of Seyfert 1, Seyfert 2 and intermediate Seyfert galaxies. The results of the fitting of various models containing partial covering fractions, Compton reflection components and high energy spectral breaks are discussed.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ; 393-395
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Improvements to the RXTE/PCA Calibration (2009)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The author presents the current status of the RXTE/PCA Calibration, with emphasis on recent updates to the energy scale and the background subtraction. A new treatment of the Xenon K-escape line removes the largest remaining residual in the previously distributed matrices. Observations of Sco X-1 made simultaneously with Swift XRT, expressly for the purpose of cross calibrating the response to bright sources, are presented.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 4th International Astronomical Consortium for High Energy Calibration; Apr 25, 2009 - Apr 30, 2009; Tokyo; Japan
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  • 4
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    When a Standard Candle Flickers: Crab Nebula Variations in Hard X-rays (2011)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: In the first two years of science operations of the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (GBM) since August 2008, a ~7% (70 mcrab) decline was observed in the overall Crab Nebula flux in the 15 - 50 keV band, measured with the Earth occultation technique. This decline is independently confirmed in the ~15-50 keV band with four other instruments: Swift/BAT, the RXTE/PCA, INTEGRAL/IBIS, and INTEGRAL/SPI. A similar decline is also observed in the ~3-15 keV data from the RXTE/PCA and in the 50-100 keV band with GBM, Swift/BAT, INTEGRAL/IBIS, and INTEGRAL/SPI. The pulsed flux measured with RXTE/PCA since 1999 is consistent with the pulsar spin-down, indicating that the observed changes are nebular. Correlated variations in the Crab Nebula flux on a ~3 year timescale are also seen independently with the PCA, BAT, IBIS, and SPI from 2005 to 2008, with a flux minimum in April 2007. As of April 2011, the Crab nebula flux has stopped declining and may be beginning to increase. We will present updated results on our multi-instrument study of long-term Crab nebula variations.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: M11-0563 , 2011 meeting of the High Energy Astrophysics Division of the American Astronomical Society; Sep 07, 2011 - Sep 10, 2011; Providence, RI; United States
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  • 5
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    Recent Improvements to the Calibration Models for RXTE/PCA (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: We are updating the calibration of the PCA to correct for slow variations, primarily in energy to channel relationship. We have also improved the physical model in the vicinity of the Xe K-edge, which should increase the reliability of continuum fits above 20 keV. The improvements to the matrix are especially important to simultaneous observations, where the PCA is often used to constrain the continuum while other higher resolution spectrometers are used to study the shape of lines and edges associated with Iron.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: 3rd IACHEC Meeting; May 18, 2008 - May 21, 2008; Germany
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  • 6
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    Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer Guest Investigator Program (1998)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Rossi X-ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) observations of the bright supernova remnant Cas A have revealed a hard power law component above 10 keV in addition to two thermal components inferred from ASCA measurements of the many line centroids from low-Z elements. The power law can be shown to be consistent with synchrotron emission from radio to hard x-rays by electrons of up to 4 x 10(exp 13) eV. Measurement of the 1157 keV line by CGRO (Compton Gamma Ray Observatory) from SC-44 in the chain of decay of Ti-44 predicts that the two Ti-44 lines at 68 and 78 keV should appear at the CGRO intensity. RXTE has placed upper limits on such lines that are marginally consistent with the CGRO measurement. Implications of these results on sites for cosmic ray acceleration and nucleosynthesis are discussed.
    Keywords: Astronomy
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  • 7
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    RXTE Observations of Cas A (1997)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The exciting detection by the COMPTEL instrument of the 1157 keV Ti-44 line from the supernova remnant Cas A sets important new constraints on supernova dynamics and nucleosynthesis. The Ti-44 decay also produces x-ray lines at 68 and 78 keV, whose flux should be essentially the same as that of the gamma ray line. The revised COMPTEL flux of 4 x l0(exp -5) cm(exp -2)s(exp -1) is very near the sensitivity limit for line detection by the HEXTE instrument on RXTE. We report on the results from two RXTE observations - 20 ks during In Orbit Checkout in January 1996 and 200 ks in April 1996. We also find a strong continuum emission suggesting cosmic ray electron acceleration in the remnant.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA/CR-97-207825 , NAS 1.26:207825 , AIP-CP-410 , Compton Symposium; Apr 01, 1997; Williamsburg, VA; United States|; 1089-1093
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  • 8
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    When a Standard Candle Flickers (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Crab is the only bright steady source in the X-ray sky. The Crab consists of a pulsar wind nebula, a synchrotron nebula, and a cloud of expanding ejecta. On small scales, the Crab is extremely complex and turbulent. X-ray astronomers have often used the Crab as a standard candle to calibrate instruments, assuming its spectrum and overall flux remains constant over time. Four instruments (Fermi/GBM, RXTE/PCA, Swift/BAT, INTEGRAL/ISGRI) show a approx.5% (50 m Crab) decline in the Crab from 2008-2010. This decline appears to be larger with increasing energy and is not present in the pulsed flux, implying changes in the shock acceleration, electron population or magnetic field in the nebula. The Crab is known to be dynamic on small scales, so it is not too surprising that its total flux varies as well. Caution should be taken when using the Crab for in-orbit calibrations.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: M10-1075 , 8th INTEGRAL Workshop: Restless Gamma-Ray Universe; Sep 27, 2010 - Sep 30, 2010; Dublin, Ireland; Ireland
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