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  • 1
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    Three-dimensional magnetic reconnection and the magnetic topology of coronal mass ejection events (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Measurements of superthermal electron fluxes in the solar wind indicate that field lines within coronal mass ejections, CMEs, near and beyond 1 AU are normally connected to the Sun at both ends. However, on occasion some field lines embedded deep within CMEs appear to be connected to the Sun at only one end. Here we propose an explanation for how such field lines arise in terms of 3-dimensional reconnection close to the Sun. Such reconnection also provides a natural explanation for the flux rope topology characteristic of many CMEs as well as the coronal loops formed during long-duration, solar X-ray events. Our consideration of the field topologies resulting from 3-dimensional reconnection indicates that field lines within and near CMEs may on occasion be connected to the outer heliosphere at both ends.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 22; 8; p. 869-872
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  • 2
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    The substorm current wedge and field-aligned currents in MHD simulations of magnetotail reconnection (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Results are reported from a three-dimensional MHD simulation of magnetotail reconnection, which, in contrast to earlier ones, starts from an equilibrium configuration that contains a region 1 type field-aligned current system at the plasma sheet/lobe boundary. This current system is found from equilibrium theory as the consequence of boundary conditions, which require that field lines at large distances from the earth become aligned-with the tail axis, consistent with observations and the expected consequences of the interaction with the solar wind. As in earlier simulations, the dynamic evolution develops from a slow diffusion to the fast growth of a three-dimensional tearing mode, initiated by the sudden occurrence or increase of resistivity, leading again to the formation and subsequent tailward ejection of a plasmoid, associated with fast plasma flows. In addition there are changes of the electric current system which are consistent with the substorm current wedge picture inferred from observations.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 1611-161
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  • 3
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    Filamentary structure of a three-dimensional plasmoid (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The changes of the magnetic field topology and the field line connections are examined in detail using a simple explicit magnetic field model of a plasmoid in different stages from its formation, penetration through a separatrix connected with a distant neutral line, to its complete disconnection. It is shown that complications arise from the fact that separatrix surfaces become very complicated, folded, and filamented in the presence of a small but finite magnetic field in the reconnection region. The filamentary mixing of topologically different field lines may lead to a mixing of different plasma populations as well, and thereby possibly to a more efficient dissipation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 241-251
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  • 4
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    Parallel electric fields in a simulation of magnetotail reconnection and plasmoid evolution (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-14
    Description: Properties of the electric field component parallel to the magnetic field are investigate in a 3D MHD simulation of plasmoid formation and evolution in the magnetotail, in the presence of a net dawn-dusk magnetic field component. The spatial localization of E-parallel, and the concept of a diffusion zone and the role of E-parallel in accelerating electrons are discussed. A localization of the region of enhanced E-parallel in all space directions is found, with a strong concentration in the z direction. This region is identified as the diffusion zone, which plays a crucial role in reconnection theory through the local break-down of magnetic flux conservation.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 5
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    MHD simulations of magnetic reconnection in a skewed three-dimensional tail configuration (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The dynamic evolution of a nonsymmetric magnetotail configuration initiated by the sudden occurrence of (anomalous) resistivity are examined using a three-dimensional resistive MHD simulation developed by Birn (1990) that includes a net cross-tail field and thus breaks the mirror symmetry around the neutral sheet. Results show that the field evolution is similar to that of a symmetric configuration studied by Birn and Hones (1981), pointing to the formation and ejection of a plasmoid. On the other hand, the topological structure of the magnetic field, defined by the field line connections, was remarkably different from the symmetric case. The plasmoid in this case became 'open', connected initially with the earth but gradually becoming connected with the interplanetary field. The openness of the plasmoid and its magnetic connection with interplanetary field lines suggest the possibility of a heat flux out of the plasmoid on interconnected flux tubes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 23-34
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  • 6
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    The magnetic topology of the plasmoid flux rope in a MHD-simulation of magnetotail reconnection (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: On the basis of a 3D MHD simulation, the magnetic topology of a plasmoid that forms by a localized reconnection process in a magnetotail configuration (including a net dawn-dusk magnetic field component B sub y N is discussed. As a consequence of B sub y N not equalling 0, the plasmoid assumes a helical flux rope structure rather than an isolated island or bubble structure. Initially all field lines of the plasmoid flux rope remain connected with the earth, while at later times a gradually increasing amount of flux tubes becomes separated, connecting to either the distant boundary or to the flank boundaries. In this stage, topologically different flux tubes become tangled and wrapped around each other, consistent with predictions on the basis of an ad hoc plasmoid model.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accumulation and metabolism of the spermine alkaloid aphelandrine in roots of Aphelandra tetragona
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 33 (1993), S. 1033-1036 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Acanthaceae ; Aphelandra tetragona ; aphelandrine ; benzoxazolinones. ; metabolism ; roots ; spermine alkaloids
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0031-9422(93)85017-L
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic phenol oxidation and polymerization of the spermine alkaloid aphelandrine
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 37 (1994), S. 1251-1256 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Acanthaceae ; Aphelandra tetragona ; DIBOA. ; HBOA ; aphelandrine ; phenol oxidation ; spermine alkaloids
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)90393-5
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