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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soviet biotechnology (1980)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 284 (1980), S. 210-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR, - Recently there has been a number of comments in Nature about biotechnology. In the issue of 10 January, (page 123) there was an attempt to assess the world situation in which, for instance, Japan was quoted as a world leader in this field; we would not dispute this claim. However, that "most ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/284210c0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel rhodococci and other mycolate actinomycetes from the deep sea (1998)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74 (1998), S. 27-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: deep sea ; mycolata ; polyphasic taxonomy ; pyrolysis mass spectrometry ; Rhodococcus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A large number of mycolate actinomycetes have been recovered from deep-sea sediments in the NW Pacific Ocean using selective isolation methods. The isolates were putatively assigned to the genus Rhodococcus on the basis of colony characteristics and mycolic acid profiles. The diversity among these isolates and their relationship to type strains of Rhodococcus and other mycolate taxa were assessed by Curie point pyrolysis mass spectrometry (PyMS). Three major (A, C, D) and two minor (B, E) groups were defined by PyMS. Cluster A was a large group of isolates recovered from sediment in the Izu Bonin Trench (2679 m); Cluster C comprised isolates from both the Izu Bonin Trench (6390 and 6499 m) and from the Japan Trench (4418, 6048 and 6455 m). These Cluster C isolates showed close similarity to Dietzia maris and this was subsequently confirmed using molecular methods. Cluster D contained isolates recovered from a sediment taken from a depth of 1168m in Sagami Bay and were identified as members of the terrestrial species Rhodococcus luteus. Clusters B and E had close affinities with members of the genera Gordonia and Mycobacterium. The presence of Thermoactinomyces in certain of the deep-sea sediments studied was indicative of the movement of terrestrial material into the ocean depths. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence analyses produced excellent definition of most genera of the mycolata, and indicated that the among the deep sea isolates (1) were novel species of Corynebacterium, Gordonia and Mycobacterium, and (2) a Sea of Japan isolate the phylogenetic depth of which suggests the possibility of a new genus. Polyphasic taxonomic analysis revealed considerable diversity among the deep sea rhodococci and evidence for recently diverged species or DNA groups.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001743625912
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial dehalogenation (1995)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 6 (1995), S. 181-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700456
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehalogenation of haloalkanes byRhodococcus erythropolis Y2 (1995)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 6 (1995), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: haloalkane ; halidohydrolase ; oxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Phodococcus erythropolis Y2 produced two types of dehalogenase: a hydrolytic enzyme, that is an halidohydrolase, which was induced by C3 to C6 1-haloalkane substrates, and at least one oxygenase-type dehalogenase induced by C7 to C16 1-haloalkanes andn-alkanes. The oxygenase-type activity dehalogenated C4 to C18 1-chloroalkanes with an optimum activity towards 1-chlorotetradecane. The halidohydrolase catalysed the dehalogenation of a wide range of 1- and α,ω-disubstituted haloalkanes and α,ω-substituted haloalcohols. In resting cell suspensions of hexadecane-grownR. erythropolis Y2 the oxygenase-type dehalogenase had a specific activity of 12.9 mU (mg protein)−1 towards 1-chlorotetradecane (3.67 mU mg−1 towards 1-chlorobutane) whereas the halidohydrolase in 1-chlorobutane-grown batch cultures had a specific activity of 44 mU (mg protein)−1 towards 1-chlorobutane. The significance of the two dehalogenase systems in a single bacterial strain is discussed in terms of their contribution to the overall catabolic potential of the organism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00700463
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a statistical design to the optimization of culture medium for recombinant interferon-gamma production by Chinese hamster ovary cells (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 38 (1992), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The importance of serum-free medium components on the growth of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and production of recombinant human interferon(IFN)-gamma was investigated. The complexity of the medium led to the adoption of a statistical optimization approach based on a Plackett-Burman design. From this analysis a set of nutritional components was identified as important for cell growth and recombinant protein production. Glycine was identified as an important determinant of specific growth rate, whereas for cell production bovine serum albumin (BSA), phenylalanine and tyrosine were also identified as important. BSA, sodium pyruvate, glutamate, methionine, proline, histidine, hydroxyproline, tyrosine and phenylalanine were shown to be important for IFN-gamma production. Other medium components, such as insulin, arginine, aspartate and serine produced an inhibitory effect on both cell growth and IFN-gamma production. The effect of the stimulatory nutrients as a whole group was tested by increasing their concentration in the medium. A significant improvement in specific cell growth rate, cell production and IFN-gamma production (up to 45%) was achieved on both shake-flask and fermentor cultures. An increase in the medium concentration of the negative variables had only a small inhibitory effect (approximately 10%) on the same parameters. Analysis of the effects of the group of stimulatory amino acids and BSA on CHO cell growth showed that the effect of the former was independent of BSA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169424
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biodehalogenation of low concentrations of 1,3-dichloropropanol by mono- and mixed cultures of bacteria (1996)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 46 (1996), S. 660-666 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The degradation of low concentrations of 1,3-dichloro-2-propanol (1,3-DCP) and related halohydrins by whole cells and cell-free extracts of soil bacteria has been investigated. Three bacteria (strains A1, A2, A4), isolated from the same soil sample, were distinguished on the basis of cell morphology, growth kinetics and haloalcohol dehalogenase profiles. Strain A1, probably an Agrobacterium sp., dehalogenated 1,3-DCP with the highest specific activity (0.33 U mg protein−1) and also had the highest affinity for 1,3-DCP (K m, 0.1 mM). Non-growing cells of this bacterium dehalogenated low concentrations of 1,3-DCP with a first-order rate constant (k 1) of 1.13 h−1 . The presence of a non-dehalogenating bacterium, strain G1 (tentatively identified as Pseudomonas mesophilius), did not enhance the dehalogenation rate of low 1,3-DCP concentrations. However, the mixed-species consortium of strains A1 and G1 had greater stability than the mono-species culture at DCP concentrations above 1.0 gl−1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050877
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bioaccumulation of copper by a defined community of activated sludge bacteria (1983)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 17 (1983), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A stable, ten-membered bacterial community has been isolated from activated sludge contaminated with heavy metals, using continuous culture enrichment in the presence of 1 mmol·l−1 Cu2+. The community was resistant to a range of other heavy metals. In the presence of 1 mmol·l−1 Cu2+ the specific growth rate of the community was significantly higher than any of the component bacteria. Copper tolerance (15 mmol·l−1) was very stable and the community was maintained in the presence of Cu2+ ions for 1,500 generations. Cu2+ ions were accumulated from solution up to 30±6% of the dry weight in a continuously-stirred tank reactor. Accumulation was dependent upon the biomass being attached to the reactor walls. Preliminary evidence suggested that the copper was bound to the outside of the bacteria. Bioaccumulation rates fell rapidly upon detachment of the biomass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00510568
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcript analysis of penicillin genes from Penicillium chrysogenum (1992)
    Springer
    Current genetics 21 (1992), S. 49-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Transcription control ; Penicillium chrysogenum ; Penicillin biosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The presence of a transcriptional control simultaneously affecting the expression of the three penicillin biosynthetic genes, pcbAB, pcbC, and penDE (pen genes), was demonstrated in Penicillium chrysogenum. Using probes specific to each gene, it was observed that the highest level of expression of the pen genes occurred during exponential growth, in both the original ancestral strain (NRRL1951) and a high-penicillin producing strain P2. Expression also occurred in the presence of high concentrations of glucose, indicating that carbon catabolite repression was not directly involved in the regulation. Transcription of the pen genes appeared to cease as the growth rate decreased. Growth was limited in a fermenter by the rate of oxygen transfer. The phosphoglycerate kinase gene (pgk), used as a control, was strongly induced by the reduced oxygen levels, suggesting a stress-related response. By maintaining optimum growth conditions in fermenters, no induction of the pgk gene was observed whereas expression of the pen genes could be maintained. It was also possible to re-establish expresion of the pen genes, after normal cessation, by the addition of cycloheximide to the culture medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318654
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous-flow enrichment of a strain ofErwinia carotovora having specificity for highly methylated pectin (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Chemostat enrichment ; Erwinia carotovora ; Pectin lyase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A pectinolytic bacterium was isolated from a mixed microbial population by means of a chemostat enrichment procedure. The bacterium, which was identified asErwinia carotovora, grew only on highly methylated pectin and produced a pectin lysase which released unsaturated monomer and dimer from 71% esterified citrus pectin. The pectin lyase was inducible only by pectins having a high methyl content and in pectin-limited chemostats its synthesis passed through a maximum at a dilution rate close to 0.04h-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00964268
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free amino acid pools of Trichoderma aureoviride during conditions of glucose-limited growth and glucose starvation (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Amino acid pool ; Trichoderma aureoviride ; Glucose limited chemostat culture ; Dilution rate ; Glucose starvation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Glucose-limited and glucose-starved cultures of Trichoderma aureoviride were analyzed for the size and composition of the mycelial free amino acid pool. In glucoselimited mycelia the pool size increased as a function of the specific growth rate above a value of ca. 0.08 h-1 and this was due principally to increasing concentrations of alanine and glutamic acid. During glucose starvation, the net pool size decreased only by ca 20% although a transient elevation of free amino acids was observed, the latter being attributed to the turnover of mycelial proteins. The amino acid pool compositions were categorized according to their ionic nature and, although no particular group varied significantly in its percentage contribution to the total pool size of growing mycelia, the observed variations during starvation were mostly attributable to the basic and acidic amino acids. Comparisons are made of the results with those obtained for other species of filamentous fungi and some possible explanations for the observed variations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411074
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