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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification inAlcaligenes faecalis strain TUD (1992)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 62 (1992), S. 231-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Alcaligenes faecalis ; aerobe ; chemostat ; denitrification ; heterotroph ; nitrification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic and anaerobic denitrification byAlcaligenes faecalis strain TUD were studied in continuous cultures under various environmental conditions. Both nitrification and denitrification activities increased with the dilution rate. At dissolved oxygen concentrations above 46% air saturation, hydroxylamine, nitrite and nitrate accumulated, indicating that both the nitrification and denitrification were less efficient. The overall nitrification activity was, however, essentially unaffected by the oxygen concentration. The nitrification rate increased with increasing ammonia concentration, but was lower in the presence of nitrate or nitrite. When present, hydroxylamine, was nitrified preferentially. Relatively low concentrations of acetate caused substrate inhibition (KI=109 μM acetate). Denitrifying or assimilatory nitrate reductases were not detected, and the copper nitrite reductase, rather than cytochrome cd, was present. Thiosulphate (a potential inhibitor of heterotrophic nitrification) was oxidized byA. faecalis strain TUD, with a maximum oxygen uptake rate of 140–170nmol O2·min-1·mg prot-1. Comparison of the behaviour ofA. faecalis TUD with that of other bacteria capable of heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification established that the response of these organisms to environmental parameters is not uniform. Similarities were found in their responses to dissolved oxygen concentrations, growth rate and ammonia concentration. However, they differed in their responses to externally supplied nitrite and nitrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582584
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relations between d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, carboxysomes and CO2 fixing capacity in the obligate chemolithotroph Thiobacillus neapolitanus grown under different limitations in the chemostat (1980)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 124 (1980), S. 185-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Carboxysomes ; d-Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; CO2 fixing capacity ; Thiobacillus neapolitanus ; Chemolithotroph ; Autotroph
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract An adaptation of the d-ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) activity to changing CO2 concentrations in the growth medium in the chemostat was observed in the obligate chemolithotroph Thiobacillus neapolitanus. RuBPCase activity has been separated in a soluble and particulate fraction. The activity of the particulate fraction appeared to be associated with the carboxysomes. The total activity of RuBPCase of CO2 limited cultures was about 5-fold higher than the activity of thiosulphate limited cultures grown in the presence of 5% CO2 whilst the particulate activity and the soluble activity were about 8- and 1.5-fold higher, respectively. The fluctuation of the total and particulate RuBPCase activity correlated with the changes in volume density of carboxysomes in the cell. An inverse correlation between maximal CO2 fixing capacity by whole cells and the volume density of carboxysomes was observed. The change in ratio of soluble RuBPCase activity to particulate RuBPCase activity paralleled the change in maximal CO2 fixation by whole cells during the different growth conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427725
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification and intracellular distribution of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase in Thiobacillus neapolitanus, as related to possible functions of carboxysomes (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 129 (1981), S. 361-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase ; Carboxysomes ; Thiobacillus neapolitanus ; Chemolithotroph ; Autotroph
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) has been quantified by immunological methods in Thiobacillus neapolitanus cultivated under various growth conditions in the chemostat at a fixed dilution rate of 0.07 h-1. RuBPCase was a major protein in T. neapolitanus accounting for a maximum of 17% of the total protein during CO2 limitation and for a minimum of 4% during either ammonium- or thiosulfate limitation in the presence of 5% CO2 (v/v) in the gasphase. The soluble RuBPCase (i.e. in the cytosol) and the particulate RuBPCase (i.e. in the carboxysomes) were shown to be immunologically identical. The intracellular distribution of RuBPCase protein between carboxysomes and cytosol was quantified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. The particulate RuBPCase content, which correlated with the volume density of carboxysomes, was minimal during ammonium limitation (1.3% of the total protein) and maximal during CO2 limitation (6.8% of the total protein). A protein storage function of carboxysomes is doubtful since nitrogen starvation did not result in degradation of particulate RuBPCase within 24 h. Proteolysis of RuBPCase was not detected. Carboxysomes, on the other hand, were degraded rapidly (50% within 1 h) after change-over from CO2 limitation to thiosulfate limitation with excess CO2. Particulate RuBPCase protein became soluble during this degradation of carboxysomes, but this did not result in an increase in soluble RuBPCase activity. Modification of RuBPCase resulting in a lower true specific activity was suggested to explain this phenomenon. The true specific activity was very similar for soluble and particulate RuBPCase during various steady state growth conditions (about 700 nmol/min·mg RuBPCase protein), with the exception of CO2-limited growth when the true specific activity of the soluble RuBPCase was extremely low (260 nmol/min ·mg protein). When chemostat cultures of T. neapolitanus were exposed to different oxygen tensions, neither the intracellular distribution of RuBPCase nor the content of RuBPCase were affected. Short-term labelling experiments showed that during CO2 limitation, when carboxysomes were most abundant, CO2 is fixed via the Calvin cycle. The data are assessed in terms of possible functions of carboxysomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00406463
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