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  • 1
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    Ion- and dust-acoustic instabilities in dusty plasmas (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Dust ion-acoustic and dust-acoustic instabilities in dusty plasmas are investigated using a standard Vlasov approach. Possible applications of these instabilities to various cosmic environments, including protostellar clouds and planetary rings, are briefly discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Planetary and Space Science (ISSN 0032-0633); 41; 3; p. 229-233.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Weakly ionized cosmic gas: Ionization and characterization (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Since collective plasma behavior may determine important transport processes (e.g., plasma diffusion across a magnetic field) in certain cosmic environments, it is important to delineate the parameter space in which weakly ionized cosmic gases may be characterized as plasmas. In this short note, we do so. First, we use values for the ionization fraction given in the literature, wherein the ionization is generally assumed to be due primarily to ionization by cosmic rays. We also discuss an additional mechanism for ionization in such environments, namely, the photoelectric emission of electrons from cosmic dust grains in an interstellar Far Ultra Violet (FUV) radiation field. Simple estimates suggest that under certain conditions this mechanism may dominate cosmic ray ionization, and possibly also the photoionization of metal atoms by the interstellar FUV field, and thereby lead to an enhanced ionization level.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysics and Space Science (ISSN 0004-640X); 222; 2-Jan; p. 247-253
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    A note on dust grain charging in space plasmas (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-27
    Description: Central to the study of dust-plasma interactions in the solar system is the electrostatic charging of dust grains. While previous calculations have generally assumed that the distributions of electrons and ions in the plasma are Maxwellian, most space plasmas are observed to have non-Maxwellian tails and can often be fit by a generalized Lorentzian (kappa) distribution. Here we use such a distribution to reevaluate the grain potential, under the condition that the dominant currents to the grain are due to electron and ion collection, as is the case in certain regions of space. The magnitude of the grain potential is found to be larger than that in a Maxwellian plasma as long as the electrons are described by a kappa distribution: this enhancement increased with ion mass and decreasing electron kappa. The modification of the grain potential in generalized Lorentzian plasmas has implications for both the physics (e.g., grain growth and disruption) and the dynamics of dust in space plasmas. These are also briefly discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 97; E9; p. 14,773-14,776.
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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