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  • 1
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    Gaspra's shape and surface features: Comparison to small satellites (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-29
    Description: The several thousand asteroids constitute the second largest population of substantial solid objects in the solar system (there are probably more comets), and have been studied from the Earth for nearly two centuries. Asteroids are important members of the solar system for several reasons, among them: (1) they contain the materials that reflect the processes going on early in the time of planet formation; (2) their impacts have been the major external influences on the surface of some terrestrial planets; and (3) their impacts on Earth have probably had major effects on biologic evolution. This paper examines and describes the asteroid Gaspra, and compares it to small satellites.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Lunar and Planetary Inst., Twenty-Third Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; p 49-52
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  • 2
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    Shock drift acceleration (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This is a review of the fundamental physics of the interactions of charged particles treated individually while they interact with fast mode magnetohydrodynamic shocks. Numerical simulation and analytical theory are used to develop predictions of the expected characteristics of this process strong upstream anisotropies directed along the magnetic field and downstream anisotropies tending to be peaked more perpendicular to the field; relatively more of the enhancement of higher-energy particles occurring upstream; sensitive dependence on shock normal to magnetic field angle of the efficiency of energization. Observations which display all of the above characteristics are reviewed. Also discussed is the relationship of shock drift acceleration to the models for stochastic transport of charged particles in the vicinity of shocks. Extensions of this work in both the observational and theoretical approaches are discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 3
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    Secular Climate Change on Mars: An Update Using MSL Pressure Data (2013)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: The South Polar Residual Cap (SPRC) on Mars is an icy reservoir of CO2. If all the CO2 trapped in the SPRC were released to the atmosphere the mean annual global surface pressure would rise by approx. 20 Pa. Repeated MOC and HiRISE imaging of scarp retreat rates within the SPRC have led to the suggestion that the SPRC is losing mass. Estimates for the loss rate vary between 0.5 Pa per Mars Deacde to 13 Pa per Mars Decade. Assuming 80% of this loss goes directly to the atmosphere, and that the loss is monotonic, the global annual mean surface pressure should have increased between approx. 1-20 Pa since the Viking mission (19 Mars years ago).
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN11516 , American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting 2013; Dec 09, 2013 - Dec 11, 2013; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 4
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    First Spectroscopic Identification of Massive Young Stellar Objects in the Galactic Center (2009)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We report the detection of several molecular gas-phase and ice absorption features in three photometrically-selected young stellar object (YSO) candidates in the central 280 pc of the Milky Way. Our spectra, obtained with the Infrared Spectrograph (IRS) onboard the Spitzer Space Telescope, reveal gas-phase absorption from CO2 (15.0 microns), C2H2 (13.7 microns) and HCN (14.0 microns). We attribute this absorption to warm, dense gas in massive YSOs. We also detect strong and broad 15 microns CO2 ice absorption features, with a remarkable double-peaked structure. The prominent long-wavelength peak is due to CH3OH-rich ice grains, and is similar to those found in other known massive YSOs. Our IRS observa.tions demonstra.te the youth of these objects, and provide the first spectroscopic identification of massive YSOs in the Galactic Center.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: GSFC.CP.4828.2011 , The Galactic Center: A Window to the Nuclear Environment of Disk Galaxies; Oct 19, 2009 - Oct 23, 2009; Shanghai; China|ASP Conference Series; 439; 115-118
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  • 5
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    James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Star Formation (2010)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The 6.5-m aperture James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will be a powerful tool for studying and advancing numerous areas of astrophysics. Its Fine Guidance Sensor, Near-Infrared Camera, Near-Infrared Spectrograph, and Mid-Infrared Instrument will be capable of making very sensitive, high angular resolution imaging and spectroscopic observations spanning 0.7 - 28 ?m wavelength. These capabilities are very well suited for probing the conditions of star formation in the distant and local Universe. Indeed, JWST has been designed to detect first light objects as well as to study the fine details of jets, disks, chemistry, envelopes, and the central cores of nearby protostars. We will be able to use its cameras, coronagraphs, and spectrographs (including multi-object and integral field capabilities) to study many aspects of star forming regions throughout the galaxy, the Local Group, and more distant regions. I will describe the basic JWST scientific capabilities and illustrate a few ways how they can be applied to star formation issues and conditions with a focus on Galactic regions.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN1904 , 5th Zennatt ISM Symposium; Sep 19, 2010 - Sep 24, 2010; Zermatt; Switzerland
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  • 6
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    Lambda Equals 2.4 - 5 Micron Spectroscopy with the JWST NIRCam Instrument (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared camera (JWST NIRCam) has two 2'2 x 2'2 fields of view that can be observed with either imaging or spectroscopic modes. Either of two R ~1500 grisms with orthogonal dispersion directions can be used for slitless spectroscopy over lambda = 2.4 - 5.0 microns in each module, and shorter wavelength observations of the same fields can be obtained simultaneously. We describe the design drivers and parameters of the grisms and present the latest predicted spectroscopic sensitivities, saturation limits, resolving powers, and wavelength coverage values. Simultaneous short wavelength (0.6 -- 2.3 microns) imaging observations of the 2.4 -- 5.0 microns spectroscopic field can be performed in one of several different filter bands, either in-focus or defocused via weak lenses internal to NIRCam. The grisms are available for single-object time series spectroscopy and wide-field multi-object slitless spectroscopy modes in the first cycle of JWST observations. We present and discuss operational considerations including subarray sizes and data volume limits. Potential scientific uses of the grisms are illustrated with simulated observations of deep extragalactic fields, dark clouds, and transiting exoplanets. Information needed to plan observations using these spectroscopic modes are also provided.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Paper 17010P , ARC-E-DAA-TN43262 , Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (ISSN 2329-4124) (e-ISSN 2329-4221); 3; 3; 035001
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  • 7
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    Lambda = 2.4 to 5 Micron Spectroscopy with the James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam Instrument (2017)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The James Webb Space Telescope near-infrared camera (JWST NIRCam) has two 2'2 x 2'2 fields of view that can be observed with either imaging or spectroscopic modes. Either of two R approx.1500 grisms with orthogonal dispersion directions can be used for slitless spectroscopy over lambda = 2.4 - 5.0 microns in each module, and shorter wavelength observations of the same fields can be obtained simultaneously. We describe the design drivers and parameters of the grisms and present the latest predicted spectroscopic sensitivities, saturation limits, resolving powers, and wavelength coverage values. Simultaneous short wavelength (0.6 - 2.3 microns) imaging observations of the 2.4 - 5.0 microns spectroscopic field can be performed in one of several different filter bands, either in-focus or defocused via weak lenses internal to NIRCam. The grisms are available for single-object time series spectroscopy and wide-field multi-object slitless spectroscopy modes in the first cycle of JWST observations. We present and discuss operational considerations including subarray sizes and data volume limits. Potential scientific uses of the grisms are illustrated with simulated observations of deep extragalactic fields, dark clouds, and transiting exoplanets. Information needed to plan observations using these spectroscopic modes are also provided.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN43297 , Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems (ISSN 2329-4124) (e-ISSN 2329-4221); o 3; 3; 035001
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  • 8
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    Cassini Observes the Active South Pole of Enceladus (2007)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Cassini has identified a geologically active province a the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. The shape of Enceladus suggests a possible intense heating epoch in the past by capture into a 1:4 secondary spin/orbit resonance.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: Science; 311; 5766; 1393-1401
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  • 9
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    Near-infrared observations of young stellar objects in the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: We have conducted an imaging survey of 1.4 sq pc of the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud in the J, H, and K near-infrared photometric bands. Approximately 337 of our 481 detected sources are associated with the cloud, and we estimate that 48 percent of these have near-infrared excesses, indicative of disks or circumstellar material surrounding these young stellar objects (YSOs). The K-band luminosity function is significantly different in different regions of our survey area, suggesting that YSOs in these regions have different ages or mass functions. We estimate that the entire survey area has a high star-formation efficiency, at roughly 23 percent. Finally, our many newly detected sources provide a relatively large, uniformly sensitive sample of objects for study at longer wavelengths to better determine true source luminosities and evolutionary lifetimes.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 395; 2 Au; 516-528
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  • 10
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    The Rho Ophiuchi cloud young stellar population - Results of a near-infrared study (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: An imaging survey of 1.4 sq pc of the Rho Ophiuchi dark cloud in the J, H, and K near-infrared photometric bands was conducted. Approximately 332 of the 481 detected sources are associated with the cloud, and 30 percent of these have near-infrared excesses, indicative of disks or circumstellar material surrounding these young stellar objects (YSOs). The K-band luminosity function is significantly different in different regions of the survey area, suggesting that YSOs in these regions have different ages or mass functions. The entire survey area has a high star formation efficiency of about 23 percent. Finally, many newly detected sources provide a relatively large, uniformly sensitive sample of objects for study at longer wavelengths to better determine true source luminosities and evolutionary lifetimes.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Societa Astronomica Italiana, Memorie (ISSN 0037-8720); 62; 4 19
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